禽畜粪肥和化肥对结球西生菜生产的影响

针对结球西生菜营养特性和生产环境需要, 采用田间试验研究方法, 在冲积性水稻土和山原红壤上进行了禽畜粪肥和化肥的施用研究.结果表明, 在两种土壤上施用禽畜粪肥可改善土壤的物理化学性状, 提高土壤微生物活性.两种土壤上不同肥料处理土壤容重的排列顺序为禽畜粪肥处理<1/2禽畜粪肥处理<化肥+禽畜粪肥处理<化肥处理, 不同肥料处理总孔隙度、水稳性团聚体的排列顺序则相反.化肥的施用导致土壤pH下降, 而禽畜粪肥对土壤酸度的影响不大.施用禽畜粪肥可提高土壤有机质、有效氮磷钾、土壤微生物总量、细菌、真菌、放线菌的数量.在一定量范围内施用禽畜粪肥对降低结球西生菜中重金属含量和控制结球西生菜中的硝酸盐含量有显著作用, 但会增加结球西生菜中大肠杆菌数量, 施用禽畜粪肥应先进行无害化处理.氮肥用量与结球西生菜中硝酸盐含量呈正相关, 氮肥用量过多会提高结球西生菜硝酸盐含量.磷肥中含有一定量的重金属, 大量施用会提高结球西生菜中重金属含量.钾肥可提高结球西生菜的产量和产值.山原红壤系缺硼土壤, 施硼有一定的增产效果.化肥和禽畜粪肥配合施用可提高结球西生菜产量产值, 获得较好经济效益.采用化肥和禽畜粪肥相结合的施肥方式对结球西生菜的产量和品质及其生产环境有良好作用.

Effect of fowl manure and chemical fertilizer on production of lettuce

Research on lettuce nutrition and growth environment in paddy and red soils was conducted by field trials to investigate effects of fowl manure and chemical fertilizer. The results show that fowl manure significantly improves the physical and chemical characteristics and the activity of soil microorganism in both soil types. The soil bulk density in the different treatments is as follow: fowl manure treatment < 1/2 fowl manure treatment < chemical fertilizer + fowl manure < chemical fertilizer treatment. However, the order for total porosity and water stable aggregate content is quite the opposite. The use of chemical fertilizer decreases soil pH, whereas fowl manure has no obvious effect on soil pH. The use of fowl manure increases the contents of soil organic matter, available N, P and K, total microorganism, bacteria, fungi and actinomyce. Using a certain amount of fowl manure decreases heavy metal and nitrate content in lettuce, but equally poses high risk of increasing coliform number in lettuce. Hence fowl manure should be harmlessly treated before use. There is a positive correlation between applied N amount and nitrate content in lettuce. Nitrate in lettuce increases as N utilization rate increases. As P fertilizer, in itself, contains some amount of heavy metal, it has a positive effect on heavy metal content in lettuce if applied in large amounts. K fertilizer increases the lettuce yield and output. The use of B in B deficient red soils increases lettuce yield. Higher yield and good return of lettuce can be achieved by using chemical fertilizer and fowl manure in combination.