籽粒植酸含量降低率作为磷高效大豆品种辅助筛选指标的可行性研究

为了明确籽粒植酸含量降低率作为磷高效大豆品种筛选指标的可行性,本试验以26个大豆品种为材料,采用沙培盆栽法,测定正常磷和低磷水平下各品种产量、农艺性状、生理指标和植酸含量并分析各指标间的相关性。根据产量损失率将26个品种聚类成A^G共7个类型,A类品种产量损失率均小于10%,G类品种产量损失率大于60%;B^F各类品种产量损失率介于A、G中间。产量、植酸含量与株高、茎粗、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、地上及地下部含磷量均呈正相关关系,其中与茎粗和净光合速率呈显著正相关。在正常磷及低磷条件下,A^G各类型品种籽粒植酸含量变化无明显规律,但A类大豆品种籽粒植酸含量降低率小于30%,G类则大于80%。田间种植试验进一步证实植酸含量降低率低于30%的品种耐低磷指数大于1.0,属于强磷高效类型;G类品种耐低磷指数小于0.6,属于弱磷高效类型;B^F各类品种介于A、G中间。综上所述,正常磷与低磷水平下大豆籽粒植酸含量降低率可以作为又一个关键指标,与产量及部分农艺性状协同筛选磷高效大豆品种。

Feasibility Study of Phytic Acid Content Reduction Rate in Seed as An Assistant Screening Index for Phosphorus Efficiency Soybean Varieties

In order to clarify the reduction rate of phytic acid content of seed as a screening index for phosphorus efficient soybean varieties. The experiment used 26 soybean varieties as materials and adopted the cultivation method.The yield, agronomic traits, physiological indexes and phytic acid content of each variety under normal phosphorus and low phosphorus levels were determined, and the correlation between the indicators was analyzed. The 26 varieties were clustered into 7 types from A to G with yield loss rate. The loss rate of A type varieties was less than 10%, G type was more than 60%, and B-F types were between 10% and 60%. The yield and phytic acid content were positively correlated with plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, and phosphorus content in above ground and underground parts, respectively, and there were significant positive correlations between yield and phytic acid content with stem diameter and net photosynthetic rate. Under normal phosphorus and low phosphorus conditions, there were no obvious changes in the phytic acid content of cultivars among 7 types, but the phytic acid content reduction rates of type A soybean cultivars were significantly less than 30%, and type G were greater than 80%. The field planting test further confirmed that the low phosphorus tolerance index of cultivars of A type with content of phytic acid less than 30% was greater than 1.0. The G varieties had a low phosphorus tolerance index of less than 0.6 and belonged to the type of weak tolerance to low phosphorus, B-F varieties were intermediate between A and G. In summary, the reduction rate of phytic acid content in different soybean varieties at normal phosphorus and low phosphorus levels could be used as another key indicator to screen phosphorus efficient soybean varieties in coordination with yield and some agronomic traits.