小麦抗旱性生理生化机制及QTL研究进展

根据现有文献资料,综述了小麦抗旱性的鉴定方法和抗旱小麦的外部形态特征,并对小麦胚芽鞘长度、叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光动力、渗透调节、水分利用效率、碳稳定同位素等抗旱性鉴定评价指标和抗旱性产量评价方法、干旱胁迫下特异蛋白代谢及抗旱性状的数量性状位点(QTL)等方面的研究进展进行总结,对目前小麦抗旱性研究存在的问题和发展趋势进行了探讨。认为,抗旱性研究仍是农业研究的热点领域,但在不同的生态区要有所侧重,同时选择与产量相关性高的指标进行深入研究;应加强干旱胁迫下根系形态结构及生理代谢的研究;随着分子生物学研究的不断发展,抗旱性研究也应从分子水平阐明干旱胁迫引起作物生理生化变化的原因,并借助基因工程手段进行抗旱基因重组,进而创制、培育综合性状优良的抗旱小麦品种。

Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China

Referencing to literatures, this paper summarized approaches in identifying drought-resistance traints of wheat and external morphological characteristics of drought-resisting wheat. Additionally, this paper summarized the research progress on coleoptile length, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence dynamics, osmotic adjustment, water use efficiency, stable carbon isotopes, drought resistance identification evaluation index by carbon stable isotope and evaluation on yield of drought resistance, such as specific protein metabolism and QTL of drought-resisting traits. Futhermore, current problems and speculations in wheat drought tolerance were also addressed. As a conclusion, drought resistance would still be a hotspot in agricultural research. However, the focus may vary in different ecological zones. Meanwhile, indexes shown high correlation with yield should primarily be selected for further investigation. Invesgigations on mophorlogical structures and metabolism of root tissue under drought stress needed enhanced more. With the continuous development of molecular biology, research on drought resistance may also need to be conducted through a molecular angel to clarify the causes for physiological and biochemical changes of crops under drought stress. Genetic engineering may additionally need to be eompolyed to recombinate genes related with drought resistance, promoting the initiative and comprehesive cultivatation of superior wheat varieties.