不同耕作方式对北疆夏大豆荚粒空间分布及产量的影响

采用大区试验设计,研究滴灌条件下翻耕覆膜(TP)、翻耕(T)、旋耕(RT)、免耕(NT)四种耕作方式对北疆复播大豆的农艺性状、单株荚数、粒数的空间垂直分布、每荚粒数及产量的影响。结果表明,夏大豆的主要农艺性状基本表现为土壤实施耕作处理均优于免耕,其中以翻耕覆膜的效果最好,翻耕次之;单株荚数和粒数的空间垂直分布因耕作方式而异,翻耕覆膜、翻耕、旋耕的主要分布于主茎的中层和上层,免耕的主要分布于主茎中层和下层;不同荚粒的数量均与单株产量呈正相关,其中2粒荚和3粒荚的数量是构成不同耕作方式单株产量的主体,相关系数分别为r=0.99**和r=0.98**;各类荚的数量均以翻耕覆膜的最多,使得其单株荚数和单株粒数的数量均最多,与其它各处理均达极显著差异水平(P0.01),其产量分别比翻耕、旋耕、免耕的增产7.43%、10.85%和16.05%。

Effects of tillage patterns on spatial distribution of seeds and yield of summer soybean in North Xinjiang

In order to explore the effects of different tillage patterns on agronomic traits, seeds per plant, space vertical distribution of seeds, seeds per pod, and yield of summer soybean under drip irrigation in North Xinjiang, four tillage treatments including tillage of plus (TP), tillage (T), rotary-till (RT) and no-till (NT) were adopted in large plot areas of the field. The results demonstrated that the agronomic traits of TP, T and RT were better than those of NT, among which TP was the best and T was second. Space vertical distribution of pod number and seed number per plant varied due to tillage methods. The space vertical distribution of TP, T and RT were mainly distributed in the middle and upper portions of the main stem, but NT was mainly distributed in the middle and lower parts of the main stem. The number of different seed pods was positively correlated to yield per plant. Two-seed and three-seed pods were the main compositions of the yield per plant under different tillage methods, with correlation coefficients of 0.99 and 0.98, respectively. TP resulted in the most number of various types of pods, and made the number of pod number and seed number of per plant the most, reaching a significant difference level from other treatments (P<0.01). As a result, the yield became increased 7.43%, 10.85% and 16.05% more than that of T, RT and NT respectively.