基于生态足迹的澧水流域生态补偿研究

以澧水流域为研究对象，通过生态足迹的方法，实现生态系统服务价值与补偿量之间的转化，结合地区社会经济发展水平，测算了研究区域的生态补偿额度。研究表明:（1）从2001—2013年澧水流域各县（市、区）生态系统服务价值变化率来看，降幅最大的是澧县，其次是临澧县；增幅最大的是武陵源区，其次是桑植县。（2）2013年澧水流域的人均生态足迹为3.203 6 hm²，而实际生态承载力为0.600 0 hm²，人均可利用生态承载力为0.528 0 hm²，则人均生态赤字为-2.675 6 hm²。（3）计算出了澧水流域各县（市、区）的生态补偿标准，其中澧县需要支付的生态补偿量最高，为26.97亿元；其次是石门县和临澧县，分别为8.87亿元和6.44亿元。研究结果将为澧水流域生态补偿机制的建立提供参考。

Studies on Ecological Compensation Based on Ecological Footprint in Lishui River Basin

Lishui River Basin was selected as the research site. The ecological compensation amount of the study area was calculated by combining with the regional social and economic development level, and using the calculation method of the ecological footprint. The results show that:(1) with respect to the change rate of the ecosystem service value in Lishui River Basin counties (cities, districts) from 2001 to 2013, the largest decrease was observed in Lixian, followed by Linli County, while the largest increase occurred in Wulingyuan District, followed by Sangzhi County; (2) the ecological footprint per capita in Lishui River Basin in 2013 was 3.203 6 hm², but the actual ecological carrying capacity was 0.600 0 hm², the ecological carrying capacity per capita was 0.528 0 hm², and the ecological deficit per capita was -2.675 6 hm²; (3) the ecological compensation standard of the counties (cities, districts) in Lishui River Basin was calculated, of which the amount of ecological compensation of Lixian was required to pay the highest value of 2.697×10⁹ yuan, followed by the Shimen County, and Linli County with 8.87×10⁸ and 6.44×10⁸ yuan, respectively. The research results would provide supports to establish the ecological compensation mechanism in the Lishui River Basin.