玛纳斯河流域近14年多尺度粒度变化对土地利用景观格局的影响

以2000年、2014年玛纳斯河流域30 m空间分辨率的遥感影像为基础数据源，借助GIS和ENVI软件，制作玛纳斯河流域土地利用覆被图，选取景观指数，在类型和整体景观的水平上，探讨了玛纳斯河流域景观格局指数随粒度变化的基本规律，并分析了各景观格局指数间的相关性。结果表明:100~3 000 m粒度范围内，流域景观格局指数的“临界粒度”“粗粒化”现象明显，总体而言，在400~800 m，2 000~3 000 m分辨率下玛纳斯河流域的景观格局指数的“临界粒度”为400 m和2 000 m，适宜计算的粒度范围为400~2 000 m，所以在利用遥感影像对玛纳斯河流域景观进行分析研究时，需进行一定的粒度转换及注意粒度的影响。玛纳斯河流域景观形态具有分形特征，各类景观斑块的分维数对粒度变化的响应不同，分维数随粒度的增大呈逐渐下降趋势，表明景观类型边界趋于简单化。相关性分析定量反映了所选景观指数受粒度变化影响的相关性程度，可为玛河流域景观格局变化研究提供参考。2000年、2014年间玛河流域景观多样性由复杂逐渐变为简单，多样性指数逐步减小。

Influence of Grain Size Change on Land Use Landscape Pattern in Manasi River Basin in Recent 14 Years

Based on landscape heterogeneity and spatial differences in land use, landscape pattern indices of measure in time and space ‘coarse’, using RS and GIS software and landscape ecology methods, based on Manas River Basin of the remote sensing image in the period from 2000 to 2014, landscape type in the Manas River Basin, landscape type map grid, the important landscape index, from the overall level of landscape types and the landscape, land using effect and mechanism of the changes of the landscape pattern due to changing grain size in the Manas River Basin were analyzed, and the correlation of the landscape pattern indices with the particle sizes was analyzed. The results showed that in 100~3 000 m particle size range, Manas River Basin landscape pattern indices critical granularity ‘coarse’ phenomenon is obvious, overall, in the 400~800 m resolution critical size of Manas River Basin landscape pattern index was 400 m, suitable for calculating the size range for 200~800 m. So in the use of remote sensing image prediction, comparison and evaluation of the Manas River Valley landscape, the attention should be paid to the effects of grain size and of certain size conversion. Manas River Basin landscape form has the characteristic of fractal, fractal dimension of various types of landscape patches of size change in response to different fractal dimensions with particle size increase gradually decline trend, indicating that the types of landscape boundary tended to be simple. Quantitative correlation analysis reflected the degree of correlation of landscape index influenced by the change of the particle size, which can provide a reference for the subsequent Manas River Basin due to the project of returning farmland to forest (grass) caused by the study on the change of landscape pattern, in nearly 14 years from 2000 to 2014, landscape diversity in Manas River Basin became from the complexity to simplicity, diversity index decreased gradually.