澳洲坚果果皮发酵生产有机肥初步研究

探究澳洲坚果果皮发酵生产有机肥工艺,为澳洲坚果废弃物利用提供方法与依据。通过室内试验筛选出合适的辅料为麦麸、菌种添加量为3%、含水量为60%。以风干澳洲坚果果皮为堆制原料,加入麦麸,利用好氧菌进行分解,测定不同发酵时期养分与有机质含量变化,并对其进行评价。结果表明：当使用麦麸为辅料,按3%接种菌剂,前期（前40天）保持50%~60%的含水量,后期（40天后）不加水,堆制55天后,其碳氮比低于20%,有机质含量为89.1%,氮、磷、钾总量为5.19%,pH 6.92,含水量为25.79%,从外观形态来看呈现褐色,无臭味,质地柔软,完全腐熟,达到了国家有机肥标准。总之,利用澳洲坚果果皮废弃物发酵生产有机肥是处理澳洲坚果果皮废弃物行之有效的途径。

Producing Organic Fertilizer by Fermentation of Macadamia Peel

Producing organic fertilizer by the fermentation of macadamia peel was studied to provide method and a basis for the utilization of macadamia peel waste. By laboratory test, the suitable auxiliary material was selected as wheat bran with 3% of bacterial agent inoculation and 60% water content. The dried macadamia peel was used as raw material for composting, wheat bran was added, and the decomposition was conducted with aerobic bacteria. The changes of nutrients and organic matter contents in different fermentation stages were measured and evaluated. The results showed that: when wheat bran was used as auxiliary material and bacteria agent was inoculated at 3% amount, under the condition of water content maintained at 50%-60% in the early stage (the first 40 days) and no water addition in the late stage (after the first 40 days), after 55 days of composting, the carbon to nitrogen ratio was lower than 20%, the organic matter content was 89.1%, the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 5.19%, pH was 6.92, and the water content was 25.79%. The products had brown color, no odor and soft texture, and were completely decomposed, which could meet the national standards of organic fertilizer. In conclusion, the fermentation of macadamia peel waste to produce organic fertilizer is an effective way of waste utilization.