基于全基因组分析技术的鱼类育种技术原理与应用

随着越来越多的鱼类完成全基因组测序，如何将基因组信息和相关分析技术应用于鱼类育种成为业内关注的问题。相比于作物与畜禽，基于全基因组分析的鱼类育种技术的研究和应用较为滞后。目前鱼类育种主要参考其他物种已各成体系的诸多方法，虽然这些方法为鱼类全基因选择育种提供了参考，但众多的技术和算法在选择和应用中也存在一些问题。梳理了不同领域基于全基因组分析的育种相关技术，介绍了全基因组关联分析（GWAS）、全基因组连锁分析（GWLA）、全基因组选择（GS）等技术的机理和适用范围，并推荐了部分常用的软件，旨在为开展基于基因组分析技术的鱼类育种研究提供参考。

Fish Breeding Technology Based on Whole Genome Analysis and Its Application

With the development and popularization of high-throughput sequencing technologies， fish genomes are increasingly sequenced and assembled. How to apply these genomic information and high-throughput sequencing technology in fish breeding is a concern in the aquaculture industry. Compared with crops， livestock and poultry， the development and application of breeding technology based on whole genome analysis in fish is lagging behind. At present， fish breeding mainly refers to various methods established in other species. Usually such a method is developed based on the characteristics of a specific species and is not completely suitable for fish. Although these methods provide references for the whole genome breeding of fish， they bring difficulties for users to understand and choose the various technologies and algorithms. This article reviewed the breeding-related technologies based on whole-genome analysis in different fields， and introduced the mechnism and application of different technologies such as genome-wide association studies （GWAS）， genome-wide linkage analysis （GWLA） and genomic selection （GS）， and recommended some commonly used software to provide guidance for fish breeding based ongenomic analysis technologies.