金针菇菌糠促进鸡粪发酵堆制生产有机肥的研究

旨在探讨一种促进鸡粪快速发酵腐熟、生产优质有机肥料的技术体系。以鸡粪为主要原料,添加定量滤泥以及按不同比例添加金针菇菌糠堆制生产有机肥,测定不同配比堆料发酵过程的温度、pH值、含水量、有机质含量、氮磷钾含量和种子发芽率等有机肥质量指标。结果表明,添加菌糠能有效缩短鸡粪堆肥发酵腐熟时间,不同配方处理生产有机肥各项质量指标均符合有机肥新标准NY/T 525-2021的要求。其中以30%菌糠、60%鸡粪和10%生物干化污泥配合处理的发酵腐熟时间最短,该处理生产的有机肥的总养分含量达10.33%,有机质含量48.5%,含水量32.5%,种子发芽指数106.2%,pH 7.38。菌糠与鸡粪按科学配比堆肥是大宗农业废弃物料无害化处理和资源化利用的重要途径。

Organic Fertilizer Production with Fermentation and Composting of Chicken Manure Promoted by Flammulina Chaff

In order to investigate the technical system to produce high quality organic fertilizer by rapid fermentation of chicken manure, this study produced organic fertilizer using chicken manure and filtered mud and different proportions of Flammulina chaff. The indexes of temperature, pH, moisture content, organic matter content, and the contents of total nitrogen, P₂O₅ and K₂O, and the germination rate were tested in the fermentation process with different ratios of materials. The results showed that the time of fermentation and maturity was shortened by adding edible fungus chaff in the fermentation process. All the quality indexes of organic fertilizer produced by different formulations conformed to standard of NY/T 525-2021. Under the treatment of 30% mushroom bran, 60% chicken manure and 10% drying sludge, which had the shortest time of fermentation and maturity, the content of total nutrient, organic matter and moisture reached 10.33%, 48.5% and 32.5%, respectively, the seed germination index was 106.2%, and pH was 7.38 at the end of composting. In conclusion, composting fungus chaff and chicken manure according to scientific ratio is an important way for bio-safety disposal and resource utilization of agricultural waste materials.