2005–2019年江苏省冬小麦品种的性状分析

进一步了解江苏省冬小麦产量及主要农艺性状的演变规律,为江苏省冬小麦育种和生产提供借鉴。本研究对2005—2019年江苏省审定的109个小麦品种进行产量、品质与抗病性分析。结果表明,江苏省审定的小麦品种平均产量呈逐年递增趋势,年增产量为134.43 kg/hm²;穗数、穗粒数和千粒重呈逐年增长趋势,但增长幅度较小。主要农艺性状与产量的相关程度为穗数>千粒重,呈正相关;株高>穗粒数,呈负相关;产量三要素之间的偏相关均为正值,偏相关程度表现为穗数>穗粒数>千粒重;审定品种中有27个品种的容重、蛋白质和湿面筋含量达到中筋小麦品质标准,有15个小麦品种达到强筋标准,有54.12%的小麦品种的湿面筋含量低于中筋小麦品质标准,下一步应把提高湿面筋含量作为提高小麦品质育种的主攻方向。在审定的小麦品种中,没有可以兼抗赤霉病、纹枯病和白粉病3种病害的品种,兼抗赤霉病和白粉病的品种为‘淮麦21’、‘宁麦17’、‘镇麦9号’、‘宁麦18’、‘扬麦21’和‘扬江麦586’。江苏省小麦品种产量的提高应在保持适宜穗粒数的基础上,增加穗数,提高千粒重,同时进一步引进新的抗病、优质种质资源,以培育高产、优质、多抗的小麦新品种。

Character Analysis of Winter Wheat Varieties in Jiangsu Province from 2005 to 2019

To further understand the evolution of yield and main agronomic characters of winter wheat in Jiangsu Province and to provide reference for variety breeding and wheat production, we analyzed the yield, quality and disease resistance of 109 wheat varieties approved by Jiangsu Province from 2005 to 2019. The results showed that the average yield of the wheat varieties approved by Jiangsu Province increased year by year, with an annual yield increase of 134.43 kg/hm². The spike number, grain number per spike and thousand-grain weight showed an increasing trend year by year, but the increase rate was relatively small. The correlation degree between main agronomic characters and yield was: the spike number > thousand-grain weight, and the correlation was positive; plant height > grain number per spike, and the correlation was negative; the partial correlation among the three yield factors was positive, and the degree of partial correlation was: the spike number > grain number per spike > thousand-grain weight. Among the approved varieties, the bulk density, and protein and wet gluten content of 27 varieties reached the quality standard of medium gluten wheat, and those of 15 wheat varieties reached the strong gluten standard, and the wet gluten content of 54.12% of the wheat varieties was lower than the quality standard of medium gluten wheat. Therefore, increasing the content of wet gluten content should be the main direction of improving wheat quality in variety breeding. Among the approved wheat varieties, there was no one that could resist scab, sheath blight and powdery mildew at the same time. The varieties resistant to scab and powdery mildew were ‘Huaimai 21’, ‘Ningmai 17’, ‘Zhenmai 9’, ‘Ningmai 18’, ‘Yangmai 21’ and ‘Yangjiangmai 586’. In summary, the wheat yield increase in Jiangsu Province should be based on maintaining appropriate grain number per spike and increasing the spike number and thousand-grain weight, meanwhile introducing new germplasm resources to breed high-quality and high-yield varieties with multiple disease resistance.