基于比较优势理论的云南省主要粮食作物优势指数化测度

粮食问题和农民增收问题一直都是中国“三农”问题关注的焦点,尤其在新冠疫情下,采取有效措施保障国家的粮食安全更为紧迫。本研究基于比较优势理论,采用综合比较优势指数模型,利用2009—2018年云南省稻谷、小麦、玉米、豆类和薯类这5种主要粮食作物的播种面积和产量数据来测算其规模优势指数、效率优势指数和综合比较优势指数,以揭示云南省及其16个州市间主要粮食作物强、弱比较优势的变动规律。研究发现：10年间,薯类、豆类和玉米这3种粮食作物同时具有较强的平均规模、效率和综合比较优势,而稻谷和小麦的平均规模、效率和综合比较优势均较弱,而且各个州市的强弱优势粮食作物不尽相同。因此,建议云南省利用此结果对全省的主要粮食作物生产进行合理布局和安排,发挥各种主要粮食作物的种植和产量优势,以求最大限度地促进云南省主要粮食作物的增收增产。

Indexation Measurement of the Advantage of Main Grain Crops in Yunnan Province Based on the Comparative Advantage Theory

Food security and farmers’ income increase have always been the focus of China’s Sannong issues (namely, agriculture, rural community and farmers), especially under the COVID-19, it is more urgent to take effective measures to ensure the nation’s food security. Based on the comparative advantage theory, this study adopts the comprehensive comparative advantage index model, and uses the sowing area and yield data of five main grain crops, including rice, wheat, corn, beans and tubers in Yunnan Province from 2009 to 2018, to calculate the scale advantage index, efficiency advantage index and comprehensive comparative advantage index, so as to reveal the changing law of the strong and weak comparative advantages of main grain crops in Yunnan Province and its 16 prefectures and cities. The study found that in the 10 years, the three grain crops of tubers, beans and corn had strong average scale, efficiency and comprehensive comparative advantage at the same time, while the average scale, efficiency and comprehensive comparative advantage of rice and wheat were weak, and the strong and weak dominant grain crops in the prefectures and cities were different. Therefore, it is suggested that Yunnan Province should use the study result to make a reasonable layout and arrangement of the production of main grain crops in the whole province, and give full play to the planting and yield advantages of various main grain crops, so as to maximize the increase of income and yield of main grain crops.