粤北山区县域土地利用对生态服务价值的影响

山区属于生态脆弱系统类型,为明确土地利用变化对其生态服务价值的影响,进行有利于城乡区域的生态环境保护及用地规划。本研究以韶关市仁化县为例,通过仁化县2000、2010、2020年的Landsat TM影像,运用RS和GIS软件分析仁化县近20年的土地利用变化状况,从生态服务价值的角度分析仁化县2000—2020年的用地变化对土地系统稳定性和生态系统服务价值的影响。结果表明：（1）仁化县各土地利用类型面积从大到小依次为林地、耕地、草地、水域和建设用地,20年间林地、耕地和草地在研究期内总体呈现先增加后下降的趋势,建设用地面积逐年上升,水域面积呈现先下降后增加的趋势;（2）2000—2020年仁化县土地利用程度指数呈增长趋势,土地利用结构信息熵值在0.76~0.82之间,土地利用结构稳定性增加,土地利用均衡度在0.47~0.51之间,且逐年增加;（3）仁化县土地利用类型的变化影响了生态服务价值的转变;2000—2020年仁化县整体生态服务价值呈现先减少后增加趋势,实际净增加39440.78万元;（4）在11个二级服务功能中,水文调节功能价值增加趋势明显,从2000年的342416.79万元增长到2020年的380556.19万元。本研究结果可以为山区的自然资源保护、经济和生态的可持续发展以及土地结构调整提供依据。

Effects of Land Use Change on Ecological Service Value in Mountainous County of Northern Guangdong

Mountainous area is one of the ecologically fragile systems. To clarify the impact of land use change on the ecological service value of mountainous area is beneficial to the protection of ecological environment and the land use planning in urban and rural areas. This study took Renhua County as an example, based on Landsat TM images in 2000, 2010 and 2020, RS and GIS software were adopted to analyze the land use change in Renhua County in the 20 years, and the impact of land use change on land system stability and ecosystem service value were analyzed from the perspective of ecological service value. The result showed that: (1) the land use types in Renhua County were forestland, cropland, grassland, water area and construction land, and their area was in a descending order; from 2000 to 2020, forestland, cropland and grassland showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, while the area of construction land increased year by year, and the area of water area showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing; (2) from 2000 to 2020, the land use degree index showed an increasing trend, the information entropy of land use structure ranged from 0.76 to 0.82, the stability of land use structure increased, and the land use balance degree ranged from 0.47 to 0.51, with an increase year by year; (3) the change of land use type affected the change of ecological service value, from 2000 to 2020, the overall ecological service value of Renhua County showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing, with a net increase of 394.4078 million Yuan; (4) among the 11 secondary service functions, the value of hydrological regulation function had an obviously increasing trend, increased from 3.4241679 billion Yuan in 2000 to 3.8055619 billion Yuan in 2020. The research results could provide a basis for the protection of natural resources, the sustainable economic and ecological development, and the land structure adjustment in mountainous areas.