苏中地区稻茬小麦生产措施采用特征与效益调研分析

为进一步明确江苏苏中地区小麦生产情况，通过发放问卷调查表的形式，获取了代表苏中的兴化和高邮两市2016—2020年度小麦生产调研数据，明确了该区域从事小麦生产的农户以51～60岁中老年劳动者为主，农户受教育程度以初中为主，迫切需要农业新技术，但接受能力偏低。不同农户田间小麦播期、播种量和肥料施用量均有明显差异。在10月26日—11月5日播种，采用211～240 kg/hm²的播种量易获得高产。两地农户平均施氮水平分别为308 kg/hm²和281 kg/hm²，部分农户施氮量高于350 kg/hm²时，产量不增反减。在播期、播量和施氮量作用下，兴化和高邮市小麦平均产量分别为6129.64 kg/hm²和6788.25 kg/hm²，农户间高产水平与低产水平间的产量差值分别为2270.36 kg/hm²、1611.75 kg/hm²。不同种麦规模获得的经济效益不同，种植面积为6.67～20 hm²

Characteristics of Production Measures and Benefits of Wheat After Rice in the Central Area of Jiangsu Province: Investigation and Analysis

In order to further clarify the wheat production situation in the central area of Jiangsu Province, the survey data about wheat production of rural households were obtained by questionnaires in Xinghua and Gaoyou from 2016 to 2020. The survey showed that the main workforce of farmers in wheat production were between the age of 51 and 60 with junior high school education level. This group urgently needed new agricultural technologies, but their acceptance ability was relatively low. There were significant differences in wheat sowing date, sowing rate and fertilizer application rate taken by different farmers. The farmers were more likely to obtain high yield when wheat was planted from October 26th to November 5th with the sowing rate of 211-240 kg/hm². The average nitrogen application rate taken by farmers was 308 kg/hm² and 281 kg/hm² in Xinghua and Gaoyou, respectively. The wheat yield decreased when nitrogen application rate was higher than 350 kg/hm². Under the combination of sowing date, sowing rate and nitrogen application rate, the average yield of wheat in Xinghua and Gaoyou was 6129.64 kg/hm² and 6788.25 kg/hm², respectively. The yield gap between high and low yield was 2270.36 kg/hm² in Xinghua and 1611.75 kg/hm² in Gaoyou, respectively. The economic benefits of different wheat planting scales were different. When the planting area was 6.67-20 hm², most farmers could get relatively high benefits, only a few farmers had economic loss. When the planting scale was more than 33.33 hm², the proportion of farmers with loss was relatively high, and farmer with benefits had low per unit area reward in wheat planting. In conclusion, farmers with 20 hm² wheat planting scale can obtain higher yield and benefits when the sowing date is from October 26th to November 15th, the sowing rate is 200-240 kg/hm² and nitrogen application rate is 250-300 kg/hm²,the scheme can be promoted in the central area of Jiangsu Province.