花生根和荚果对外源钙的吸收特性研究

为了明确花生根和荚果对外源钙的吸收特性,本研究选取对钙敏感性不同的豫花37和豫花23为试材,利用自主研发的花生根果分区培养装置开展试验,设置不施钙(CK)、根区施0.20 g·kg^-1CaO(RL)、根区施0.80 g·kg^-1 CaO(RH)、荚果区施0.20 g·kg^-1CaO(PL)、荚果区施0.80 g·kg^-1 CaO(PH)共5个处理,探究根区和荚果区不同外源钙处理对土壤钙含量、花生生长发育及产质量、钙吸收积累分配特征的影响。结果表明,饱果成熟期,同一基因型花生根区施钙土壤钙含量低于荚果区相同施钙量处理,且以酸溶态钙为主,占土壤全钙的37.97%~64.52%;与根区施钙相比,荚果区施相同量的外源钙提高了花生的饱果数、出仁率和荚果产量,降低了籽仁可溶性糖含量,增加了油酸/亚油酸比值(O/L)和粗蛋白、粗脂肪、蛋氨酸、赖氨酸的含量;根区施钙花生根茎叶的吸钙量占花生植株总吸钙量的87.39%~91.11%,果壳和籽仁占8.89%~12.61%,荚果区施钙花生根茎叶占74.10%~84.85%,果壳和籽仁占15.15%~25.90%;与根区施钙相比,荚果区施钙显著提高了钙利用效率,豫花37荚果和籽仁钙利用效率分别提高了42.35%~49.28%和37.73%~43.89%,豫花23分别提高了32.43%~46.17%和21.05%~47.09%。总体来看,荚果区施钙较根区施钙显著提高了花生产质量和钙的利用效率。本研究结果为指导花生钙肥施用提供了理论依据。

Study on Absorption Characteristics of Exogenous Calcium in Peanut Roots and Pods

To clarify the characteristics of peanut roots and pods to absorb exogenous calcium, Yuhua 37 and Yuhua 23 with different calcium sensitivities were selected as the test materials, and the self-developed root and pod separate culture device was used to carry out the experiment. The experiment treatments included no calcium, two calcium amendment rates in the root zone (0.20 and 0.80 g·kg^-1 CaO) and two calcium amendment rates in pod zone (0.20 and 0.80 g·kg^-1 CaO). This study investigated the effects of different exogenous calcium treatments in root and pod zone on soil calcium content, peanut growth and production quality, calcium accumulation and distribution characteristics. The results showed that in the mature stage, the soil calcium content in root zone of the same genotype was lower than that in pod zone under the same calcium application, while acid-soluble calcium was the main component, accounting for 37.97%~64.52% of the total soil calcium content. Compared with the application of calcium in root zone, the same calcium application in pod zone increased the number of full fruit, kernel rate, pod yield, oleic acid/linoleic acid (O/L) ratio, crude protein, crude fat, methionine, lysine content of peanut, but reduced the soluble sugar content. In root zone, the calcium absorption of peanut roots, stems and leaves accounted for 87.39%~91.11% of the total calcium absorption of peanut plants, and shells and kernels accounted for 8.89%~12.61% of the total calcium absorption; while the pod zone was applied with calcium, the calcium absorption of the roots, stems and leaves account for 74.10%~84.85% of the total calcium absorption, shells and kernels account for 15.15%~25.90% of the total calcium absorption. Compared with the application of calcium in root zone, the efficiency of calcium utilization was significantly increased in the root zone. Yuhua 37 pods and kernels of calcium utilization efficiency increased by 42.35%~49.28% and 37.73%~43.89%, respectively. Yuhua 23 pods and kernels of calcium utilization efficiency increased by 32.43%~46.17% and 21.05%~47.09%, respectively. In conclusion, compared with the application of calcium in root zone, the application of calcium in pod area could significantly improve the peanut production quality and the efficiency of calcium utilization. The study provides a theoretical basis for the application of peanut calcium fertilizer.