染井吉野樱花腐烂病病原菌鉴定及其致病性研究

染井吉野樱花腐烂病在国内各樱花种植观赏区均有发生，尤其对树龄大、树势衰弱的染井吉野樱花为害最为严重。为了更好的防治染井吉野樱花腐烂病，明确染井吉野樱花腐烂病病原菌种类、致病性强弱及其发病规律，本研究以玉渊潭公园栽种的染井吉野樱花为研究对象，通过形态学和rDNA-ITS测序的方法对染井吉野樱花腐烂病病原进行分离、鉴定，利用柯赫氏法则对其致病性进行分析。结果表明：燕麦镰刀菌Fusarium avenaceum、桃拟茎点霉菌Diaporthe amygdali、核果壳囊孢菌Cytospora leucostoma、卵鞘座壳菌Pleurostoma ootheca、葡萄座腔菌Botryosphaeria dothidea是造成染井吉野樱花腐烂病的主要致病菌；染井吉野樱花腐烂病病原菌对不同年龄的染井吉野樱花枝条致病性不同，相比于粗壮的多年生染井吉野樱花枝干，幼嫩的染井吉野樱花枝条更容易感病。因此，在今后的樱花腐烂病防治过程中应对染井吉野樱花顶端嫩梢加强防治。

Isolation,Identification and Pathogenicity of Sakura Rot Disease on Prunus yedoensis ‘Somei-yoshino’

Sakura rot disease occurs in all cherry blossom planting and viewing areas in China. In particular, it is the most serious damage to Prunus yedoensis ‘Somei-yoshino’ which is old and weak. In order to better prevent and control sakura rot disease, it is necessary to clarify the species, pathogenicity and incidence rules of sakura rot disease. In this study, Prunus yedoensis ‘Somei-yoshino’ planted in Yuyuantan Park was selected as the research object. The pathogen was isolated and identified by morphology and rDNA-ITS sequencing, and the pathogenicity was analyzed by Koch’s rule. The results indicated that Fusarium avenaceum, Diaporthe amygdali, Cytospora leucostoma, Pleurostoma ootheca and Botryosphaeria dothidea were the main pathogens causing sakura Prunus yedoensis ‘Somei-yoshino’ rot disease. The pathogenicity of the pathogen was different to the branches of different ages, and the young and tender branches were more susceptible to the disease than the old and sturdy perennial branches. Therefore, the prevention and control of the rot disease on the young and tender Prunus yedoensis ‘Somei-yoshino’ branches should be strengthened in the future.