茯苓袋料栽培技术研究初报

本研究以松枝和松针为主要原料，研究不同袋料配方及不同栽培方式对茯苓结苓率、生物学效率和化学成分含量的影响，并与传统的段木茯苓作比较，以期为茯苓袋料栽培提供一定的技术支撑和依据。以前期试验获得的2组茯苓袋料栽培配方制作袋料，采用木引定位法接种茯苓菌核，以单窖茯苓的生物学效率、化学成分含量为比较指标，探讨2种袋料配方和不同栽培方式对茯苓结苓效果和质量的影响。结果表明，2个配方的茯苓接种成活率均为100%，配方1的最高生物学效率较配方2高38.18%，配方1的醇溶物、总三萜、茯苓酸含量较配方2分别高1.11%、0.45%、1569.81 mg/kg，且配方2较段木茯苓分别高3.41%、0.59%、2053.98 mg/kg，2组袋料茯苓的氨基酸（除胱氨酸）种类与含量均为段木茯苓的1.000~2.500倍。单包接种的茯苓平均生物学效率和最高生物学效率分别比双包联培高6.09%、10.17%。

Preliminary Study on the Bag Material Cultivation Techniques of Poria cocos

This study takes pine branches and pine needles as raw materials, and studies the effects of different bag material formulas and cultivation methods on the sclerotium formation rate, biological efficiency and content of chemical components of Poria cocos, and compares the effects with those of the traditional log cultivation of P. cocos (control group), in order to provide technical support for the bag material cultivation of P. cocos. Two P. cocos bag material cultivation formulas obtained in the previous experiments were used to make the bag materials and the sclerotium of P. cocos was inoculated by the wood guide method. The biological efficiency and chemical components’ contents of P. cocos in single cellar were used as the comparative indexes to explore the effects of the two bag material formulas and different cultivation methods on the sclerotium formation and quality of P. cocos. The results showed that: the survival rate of P. cocos inoculated with the two formulas was 100%, and the highest biological efficiency of formula 1 was 38.18% higher than that of formula 2. The contents of alcohol soluble substances, total triterpenes and tuckaholic acid of formula 1 were 1.11%, 0.45% and 1569.81 mg/kg higher than those of formula 2, and those figures of formula 2 were 3.41%, 0.59% and 2053.98 mg/kg higher than those of P. cocos cultivated in log, respectively. The types and contents of amino acids (except cystine) in P. cocos of the two bag material cultivation formulas were 1.000-2.500 times those of P. cocos cultivated in log. The average biological efficiency and the highest biological efficiency of P. cocos inoculated in single bag were 6.09% and 10.17% higher than those in double bags.