富士苹果垂柳形树冠光照参数与果实品质的关系

以垂柳形红富士苹果为试材，利用树冠分格法系统研究了红富士苹果采用垂柳形树形整形后的树体光照分布状况，光照分布与果实产量品质的关系，结果表明：垂柳形苹果树冠内光照分布从上到下、从外到内相对光强递减，水平方向分布从树冠内膛到外围差异较小，无效光区和高光区所占比例相对较小，仅占20.56%，其树形在相对光照方面优于其他树形。处于不同叶幕部位的叶片，其叶绿素含量、净光合速率和比叶重与光照分布情况在一定范围内呈现出一致性，说明光照分布对树体的叶绿素含量、净光合速率和比叶重的影响较大。果实品质垂直和水平分布也与光照垂直和水平分布呈极显著正相关，树冠中、上层和中、外部为高品质分布区；果实质量、果实含水量、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量、固酸比、糖酸比、果实硬度和可滴定酸含量在同一树冠的不同部位最大差异幅度分别达到81.31%、2.25%、13.79%、36.69%、174.12%、230.04%、22.49%和140.68%，均达到极显著差异；对果实着色方面影响也较大。本研究中，垂柳式苹果树形的果实可溶性固形物及可溶性糖含量平均可达到15.61％和24.18％，果实品质与着色均优于其他树形。

Relationship Between the Distribution of Light and Fruit Quality of Weeping Willow Shape of ‘Fuji’

Trees trained in weeping willow shape of‘Fuji’Apple were used for observing the effects of light distribution on the fruit layer and fruit quality.The method of division in canopy was used to study the distribution of relative light intensity,and shoots and leaves,and fruit quality in different layers and positions of canopy.The results showed that the distribution of relative light intensity in the canopy gradually descended from upper to lower layer,from outer to inner layer.But the differences in horizontal direction were not as obvious as in vertical direction.More 80%and less 30%of the relative light intensity was only 20.56%,which was lower than in other shapes.The chlorophyll content,net photosynthesis,specific leaf weight of leaves,fruit quality and fruit coloration were positively correlated to relative light intensity.Mean fruit mass,water content,soluble solids,soluble sugar,solids-acid ratio,sugar-acid ratio,firmness and titratable acidity in differentcanopy layers had reached to 81.31%,2.25%,13.79%,36.69%,174.12%,230.04%,22.49%and 140.68%.They were all positively correlated to relative light intensity.The content of soluble solids and soluble sugar were up to 15.61%and 24.18%in weeping willow shape.