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Biology,impact, and management of Echinochloa colona (L.) Link
Institution:1. Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan;2. School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia;3. Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Punjab, Pakistan;4. The Centre for Plant Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia;1. Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China;2. Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA;3. School of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China;1. Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China;2. Lixiahe Region Agricultural Research Institute, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, China;3. Biotechnology Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China;1. Weed Science, Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines;2. Crop Science Cluster, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines, Los Baños, Philippines;3. The Centre for Plant Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia;1. Institute of Crop Sciences & Institute of Bioinformatics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;2. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200235, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China;4. Hunan Weed Science Key Laboratory, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Science, Changsha 410125, China;5. Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;6. Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;7. Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA;8. Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
Abstract:Echinochloa colona (L.) Link. is one of the most problematic weeds across the world. It is an annual C4 summer grass, native to tropical and subtropical Asia, emerged as a serious and persistent threat in 35 cropping systems in more than 60 countries. E. colona is reported as an important associated weed species in transplanted and direct-seeded rice. Diverse ecotypes, high seed production, short seed dormancy, rapid growth, competitive potential, allelopathic interaction, and resistance against several herbicides makes it a more adaptable and persistent challenge in various agro-ecosystems. Development of resistance to recommended or higher doses of numerous herbicides, including ametryn, atrazine, bispyribac-sodium, clefoxidym, cyhalofop-butyl, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, glyphosate, metribuzin, propanil, and triazine, is a serious concern for the farming and scientific community. Crop infestation with resistant E. colona biotypes may ultimately increase the weed control cost. Unfortunately, investigations on seed dormancy release, genetic diversity, allelopathic interference, and competitive ability of this weed are inadequate in accomplishing its appropriate control in different environments. Therefore, a comprehensive review is presented here to gather the existing information, to pin point key findings, and to highlight the research gaps in the biology, interference, and management of E. colona. Different management options have been discussed in relation with eco-biology of this noxious weed. The potential research endeavours have also been highlighted in order to provide an insight of its existing scenario and to facilitate the future management strategies.
Keywords:Allelopathy  Herbicide resistance  Rice  Weed ecology  Weed management
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