The distribution and incidence of banana Fusarium wilt in subsistence farming systems in east and central Africa |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;2. Research Department, Rwanda Agriculture Board, P.O. Box 5016 Kigali, Rwanda;3. Bioversity International Uganda Office, P.O. Box 24384, Kampala, Uganda;4. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) – Regional Hub, Mikocheni B, P.O. Box 34441, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania;5. Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Burundi, P.O. Box 795, Bujumbura, Burundi;1. Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture Saba-Basha, Alexandria University, Egypt;2. Plant Pathology Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt;3. Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt;4. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Estado de México, Mexico;1. Bioversity International, c/o ILRI, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;2. Bioversity International, P.O. Box 24384, Kampala, Uganda;3. Bioversity International, Butembo, North Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo;4. Bioversity International, Bukavu, South Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo;5. National Institute of Agricultural Studies and Research (INERA), Democratic Republic of Congo;1. Debre Birhan Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 112, Debre Birhan, Ethiopia;2. School of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia;1. Unit of Genetics, Biotechnology, and Seed Science (GBioS), Laboratory of Phytotechnics, Physiology, Genetics and Plant Breeding (PAGEV), University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, School of Plant Sciences, Cotonou, Republic of Benin;2. Unit of Genetics and Plant Breeding (UGAP), Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Po. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon;3. Department of Plant Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Po. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon;4. Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (AGAP) Institut, F-34398 Montpellier, France;5. Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (AGAP) Institut, Univ. Montpellier, Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro, F-34398 Montpellier, France;6. Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, Mbalmayo Agricultural Research Centre (CRAM) Mbalmayo, Cameroon;1. National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organics Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 (China);2. Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 (China);3. Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bio-Resources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228 (China) |
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| Abstract: | Bananas (Musa spp.) are major staple and cash crops in the Great Lakes region of Africa. Yet, banana yields in this region are among the lowest in the world due to a wide range of abiotic, biotic and socio-economic causes. Cropping systems which could contribute to soil fertility replenishment, pest and disease suppression and climate change mitigation might improve banana yields and contribute to uplifting the livelihoods of millions of people in the region. In this context, a survey was conducted over two seasons in banana-based subsistence farming systems in Rwanda, Burundi, north-western Tanzania (Kagera and Kigoma regions) and eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (South Kivu province), to investigate the distribution and incidence of banana Fusarium wilt as related to cropping systems, edapho-climatic and socio-economic factors. Banana Fusarium wilt incidence was found generally high in the region, 54.1% of all farms had disease incidence higher than 40%, with Tanzania having the highest number of farms with high disease incidence (63.6%). Statistical analysis (chi-squared test of association) and GIS mapping, by layering Fusarium wilt incidence over selected predictor maps, showed that disease incidence was lower in farms growing cultivar mixtures (p < 0.01) and at higher altitudes (>1600masl) (p < 0.05), and a significant association of Fusarium wilt and farm age was observed whereby disease incidence was highest in farms aged between 10 and 30 years (p < 0.05). Additionally, this study reports for the first time the occurrence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 2 in Rwanda and Burundi, and suggests that strategies for banana Fusarium wilt management in east and central Africa should include raising farmers’ awareness on pathogen spread mechanisms and enhancing their access to disease-free planting materials. |
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| Keywords: | Chi squared test Fusarium wilt Incidence GIS Subsistence farming |
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