Devastation of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) crops in different agroclimatic zones of India by genetically diverse subgroups of phytoplasma |
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| Institution: | 1. Plant Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India;2. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka 584102, India;3. National Research Centre on DNA Fingerprinting, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi 110012, India;1. Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan;2. Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan;3. Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;1. Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain;2. Plant Pathology Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;3. CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF 70040-020, Brazil;1. Center of Alpine Entomology, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy;2. Group Function of Invertebrate and Plant Biodiversity in Agro-Ecosystems, Crop Research Institute, Prague 6, Ruzyně, Czech Republic;3. Department of Zoology, Maria Curie-Sk?odowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland;4. División Entomología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Paseo del Bosque s/n, B1900FWA, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina;1. Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran;2. Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Iran;1. Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division, India;2. Environmental Science Division, CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India;3. National Agricultural Science Fund, KAB-I, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India |
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| Abstract: | The sesame crop is highly susceptible to infection by phytoplasmas, a class of cell wall-less plant pathogenic bacteria (Mollicutes), which is responsible for widespread loss of sesame crops in both North and South India in recent years. Therefore, characterizing the pathogen population is required before the control measures can be devised and implemented. With molecular tools based on nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, sequencing, restriction profiling, and phylogenetic analysis, phyllody-affected sesame plants collected from nine different states of India were found to be infected by phytoplasmas belonging to two 16Sr groups, namely 16SrI and II. Two subgroups of phytoplasma ?16SrI-B and 16SrII-D— were prevalent in symptomatic sesame samples collected from North India, whereas phytoplasma of only the 16SrII group was found in South India. However, the latter samples were diverse, belonging to three different subgroups (16SrII-A, II-C, and II-D). In addition, yearly phyllody-affected sesame samples from Delhi for 4 consecutive years (2007–2010) showed variation in the infecting phytoplasma: the subgroup 16SrII-D was detected in samples collected in 2007, and 16SrI-B was predominantly found in the samples collected in the subsequent years. The study also provides molecular evidence for the association between 16SrI-B phytoplasma and different symptoms in sesame crops such as fasciation, little leaf, and stunting. This is the first study to report the association of the phytoplasma subgroups 16SrII-A and II-D with sesame crops in India. This study provides a baseline for designing specific detection and molecular analysis strategies for quarantine purposes. It also highlights the need for examining the dynamics of seasonal or location-specific variation in vector populations to determine the pattern of infection outbreaks. |
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| Keywords: | Phytoplasma Sesame Phyllody 16S Ribosomal DNA India |
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