鄱阳湖流域水土流失与森林生态环境控制管理对策

江西省水土流失集中分布于鄱阳湖水系的"五河"及其支流流域,流域水土流失的主要来源分别是坡耕地、工业生产建设废弃物,尤其以林业用地水土流失最为严重。森林资源年龄结构比例失调,林地逆转流失严重,森林利用与恢复方式单一,致使水土流失控制所需要的森林生态防护功能供给不足。为了遏止水土流失,必须调整人工林单一树种结构,重建防护功能较高的复合型森林生态系统,同时调整和改革现行不合理的森林经营管理模式,变革坡耕地土地利用方式,实施全流域坡耕地退耕还林生态恢复工程。

Countermeasures for Water and Soil Erosion and Forest Ecosystem Management in Poyang Lake Watersheds

In Jiangxi Province, the occurrence of water and soil erosion concentrates to the watersheds of the five rivers and their tributaries in the Poyang Lake water system. The water and soil erosion is mainly caused by farmland on mountain slopes and industrial wastes, with the problem being worst on forested land. The factors resulting in the water and soil erosion on the forested land are unproportional age structure of the forests, serious conversion of forested land, monotonous use and rehabilitation of forest and insufficient forest ecological protective functions. To contain the water and soil erosion, monoculture of the plantations must be changed and a complex forest ecosystem with high protective functions must be reestablished. In addition, the irrational forest management practices must be reformed and readjusted and the project of returning farmland to forested land should be carried out in the watersheds as a whole.