Ni/HZSM 5催化裂解光皮梾木油制备生物烃基燃料试验

光皮梾木(Cornus wisoniana)是一种优良的能源树种,适种面积广泛,其油脂成分主要包含油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸等。笔者以光皮梾木油为原料,采用等体积浸渍法自制Ni/HZSM 5固体催化剂进行催化裂解制备生物烃基燃料。分别考察了反应时间、反应温度和催化剂用量等因素对催化裂解反应的影响,得出最佳单因素工艺参数为反应时间60 min,反应温度440℃,催化剂用量为2.0%(质量分数),在该反应条件下液体产物产率高达79.53%;在单因素试验基础上进行响应面试验条件优化,探讨了各因素之间交互作用对产品转化率的影响,结果表明,各因素的一次项对转化率影响呈现显著水平,其中反应温度对转化率影响最为显著,最佳条件为反应时间59.1 min、反应温度443.7℃、催化剂用量2.3%(质量分数)。产品经气质联用仪(GC MS)分析可知,其主要组成成分为烷烃类、烯烃类、羧酸类、醛类和醇类物质。对所制烃基燃料经燃料性能测定,结果表明,产品接近石化燃料且具有良好的燃料性能,热值为42.720 kJ/g,密度和运动黏度等均达到0#柴油标准,值得进一步深入开展相关研究。

Study on Ni/HZSM 5 catalytic cracking of Cornus wisoniana oil for bio hydrocarbon fuel

With the increase of the world s population,the improvement of people s living standards,and the development of science and technology,the demand for energy fuel has increased rapidly.The ability to supply energy is directly related to the security of the country and the survival of the nation.However,the reserves of traditional fossil energy sources such as petroleum are steadily decreasing.At the same time,as the exploitation of fossil energy sources,problems such as climate warming,sharp decline in forests,spread of acid rain and air pollution have affected the environment.In order to meet the continuous development needs of modern society,renewable green energy has received extensive research and attention from all walks of life.At present,biomass as a renewable green energy has received great attention from the world and is developing rapidly.China has abundant forestry resources,and industrial oil plants were firstly used as biomass raw materials for the preparation of hydrocarbon-based fuels.The use of marginal land resources to develop forestry resources provides sufficient space for the conversion of biomass into bio-liquid fuel.Cornus wisoniana is an excellent energy tree species with a wide range of suitable oils,including oleic acid,linoleic acid,palmitic acid,stearic acid,etc.In this experiment,the C.wisoniana oil was used as raw material to prepare bio-hydrocarbon fuel through catalytic pyrolysis using the Ni/HZSM-5 solid catalyst prepared by the pore volume impregnation method.The effects of the reaction time,reaction temperature and catalyst dosage on catalytic cracking reaction were investigated.Under the optimal conditions of the reaction time of 60 min,reaction temperature of 440℃,catalyst dosage of 2.0%,the liquid product yield reached 79.53%.Based on the single factor analysis,the response surface test conditions was optimized,and the effect of interaction between various factors and product conversion rate was discussed.The results showed that the primary term of each factor showed a significant level affecting the liquid product yield,and the reaction temperature was the most significant factor affecting the liquid product yield.Most notable,the optimum conditions were:the reaction time of 59.1 min,reaction temperature of 443.7℃,and catalyst dosage of 2.3%.The product was analyzed by GC-MS.The main components were alkane,olefin,carboxylic acid,aldehyde,alcohol,etc.The fuel performance of the prepared hydrocarbon fuel showed that the product was close to fossil fuel,which demonstrated that the heat value was 42.720 kJ/g,and the density and kinematic viscosity all reached the 0#diesel standard.It was concluded that this method is worthy of being further explored.