种植行向对玉米茎叶形态建成与产量的调控效应

以玉米品种郑单958为材料,2012–2013年采用田间不同行向种植设计,研究了种植行向对玉米茎叶形态建成和产量的调控。结果表明,种植行向对玉米叶和茎的形态建成影响显著。与南北行向(N-S)相比,东西行向(E-W)显著促进了中上部叶片(第11~第17叶)的伸长,增加了叶面积,但对叶宽影响不显著。种植行向显著影响了玉米茎秆质量,E-W种植方式显著促进了植株中下部节间的伸长和增粗,增加了第9和第10节间单位长度干重和茎秆折断强度。种植行向对拔节期植株干重没有显著影响,但E-W种植方式在大口期至成熟期的单株总生物量积累显著高于N-S种植,同时促进了干物质由叶、茎向雌穗的转移,显著提高了收获指数。E-W种植方式显著增加了玉米千粒重,提高了产量。因此,华北地区E-W种植方式可显著促进玉米茎叶生长和植株干物质积累,增加粒重,提高收获指数,提高产量。

Effects of Row Orientation on Leaf and Stalk Morphogenesis and Grain Yield in Maize

A field experiment was conducted in 2012-2013 to investigate the effects of row orientation on plant morphological parameters and grain yield in maize (Zea mays L., cv. Zhengdan 958). The results showed that leaf elongation and leaf area from the 11th to the 17th leaf increased significantly in east-west (E-W) row orientation compared to north-south (N-S) row orientation, whereas, the leaf width was not affected. In the E-W treatment, elongations of 7th-13th internodes and the maximum diameters of 9th-13th internodes were improved significantly. Simultaneously, dry weight per millimeter internode and stem lateral breaking strength of the 9th and the 10th internodes increased significantly in the E-W treatment. At jointing stage, biomass accumulations in both row orientations were similar. However, biomass accumulation per plant was significantly higher in the E-W treatment than in the N-S treatment from ear developing to mature stage. The assimilate transfer from leaves and internodes to kernels was also improved in the E-W treatment, leading to higher 1000-kernel weight, kernel yield, and harvest index in E-W than in N-S row orientation. These results suggest that E-W row orientation is applicable in high-yield maize production in North China.