河南小麦新育成品种(系)白粉病抗性鉴定与分子标记检测

利用华北地区流行的白粉菌菌株E09和E20,分别对河南省小麦新品种(系)区域和预备试验参试材料908份(2009—2013年度)和412份(2009—2012年度)进行苗期白粉病抗性鉴定,同时利用与Pm2、Pm4a、Pm8和Pm21基因连锁的分子标记检测相关抗病基因的分布。结果显示,抗E09的材料占21.9%(199/908),抗E20的材料占9.5%(39/412),同时抗E09和E20的材料仅占3.6%(15/412)。在908份供试材料中,580份含有1BL/1RS,占63.9%,含Pm8或新的1RS来源抗白粉病基因;另有2份材料含6AL/6VS来源广谱抗白粉病基因Pm21,8份可能携带Pm2,2份可能含有Pm4a;有6份材料可能含有多个抗白粉病基因。表明河南省近年育成的小麦新品种(系)依然含有对我国白粉菌菌系有效的抗白粉病基因,但抗源遗传基础较窄,部分已经或正在丧失抗性,应加快引进和利用新的多样化抗病基因资源。

Identification and Molecular Detection of Powdery Mildew Resistance of New Bred Wheat Varieties (Lines) in Henan Province,China

The powdery mildew resistance of 809 (2009–2013) and 412 (2009–2012) new bred wheat varieties (lines) from Henan provincial regional trials was tested using Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) isolates E09 and E20, respectively. Molecular markers linked to powdery mildew resistance genes Pm2, Pm4a, Pm8, and Pm21 were used to detect the presence of the individual resistance gene. Among the 908 varieties (lines) inoculated by E09, 199 (21.9%) exhibited resistance. Among the 412 varieties (lines) inoculated by E20, 39 (9.5%) exhibited resistance. Only 15 (3.6%) varieties (lines) showed resistance to both E09 and E20. The 1RS chromatin was detected in 580 out of 908 (63.9%) varieties (lines), indicating the common use of Pm8 or newly developed 1BL/1RS translocation lines in wheat breeding program. Two varieties carried the board spectrum powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21 originating from 6AL/6VS translocation. Eight and two lines might contain the Pm2 and Pm4a loci, respectively. Six varieties (lines) seemed to carry at least two powdery mildew resistance genes. Our results indicated that the newly developed wheat varieties (lines) in Henan province are important powdery mildew resistance resources. However, the common use of 1BL/1RS translocations and a few powdery mildew resistance genes has revealed a very narrow genetic diversity of the resistant resource. It is very urgent to introduce new diversified and broad spectrum powdery mildew resistance genes into the commercial wheat breeding program.