油桃裂果研究进展

从品种特性、果实生长发育特点、果实细胞组织结构等内部因素和气象因子、土壤条件、栽培措施等外部因素方面综述了油桃裂果的影响因素,寻找引起油桃裂果的主要原因,并提出防止油桃裂果相应的技术措施。首先从园地选择、品种选择方面尽量做到适地适栽,因地制宜,另外果园增施有机肥,提高土壤透水性和保水性,适时灌水,及时排水,使水分保持均衡状态,合理修剪,加强病虫害防治,严格疏花疏果,实行套袋栽培等一系列科学化管理均是防止油桃裂果和果锈的有效技术措施。

Advance in research on nectarine fruit cracking

Six factors affecting the fruit cracking in nectarine are reviewed in order to determine the causes of cracking. These factors include (1) the cultivar feature, such as different maturity and fruit texture; (2) the regular pattern of fruit development and the curve of fruit growing;(3) cell tissue structure of fruit, such as the coat tissue, the cell tissue structure of coat and cell growing rate of pulp;(4) the climatic conditions, such as yearly precipitation, excessive rainfall in the later period of fruit development, a heavy shower after a long time of drought, humidity in the air, the harm from xerothermic or strong wind, sunburn in the surface of fruit;(5) the features of soil, such as soil moisture content, volume weight of soil, extent of porosity, soil texture;(6) cultural practices, such as fruit bagging, fertilizing, irrigating, pruning. In this paper, the measures for preventing the fruit cracking are also suggested. Firstly, the garden and nectarine cultivar should be selected on the principles of suiting local circumstances and matching species and varieties. Secondly, more organic fertilizer was used in the orchard in order to increasing the soil drainage property and moisture retention. In addition, some scientific managements should be used to control the cracking, such as irrigating and draining in due time to keep the equalization of soil moisture content, proper pruning, controlling of diseases and insects, pests, strictly thinning flowers and fruits, fruit bagging, and so on.