内陆盐碱水域对虾移殖技术研究 II.碱性水域幼虾生长与环境因子的关系

为建立东北地区碱性水域对虾移殖驯化技术体系,以虾塘半咸水添加碱性湖泊水为试验用水,进行凡纳滨对虾生长试验,研究碱性水域对虾生长与碱度、盐度、离子系数、pH,K ,Ca2 ,Mg2 浓度、Ca2 Mg2 总浓度、Ca2 /Mg2 及Na /K 等10种水环境因子的关系。结果表明,在碱度为5.41~38.78 mmol/L的碱性水环境中,体长为10~20 mm的驯化幼虾饲养15 d的平均体长生长速度为1.21~0.52 mm/d,总体存活率75.7%。不同水环境下幼虾存活率差异不显著(P>0.05),体长生长速度差异极显著(P<0.01)。体长生长速度与水环境因子间的相关性存在因子间的互作效应,其简单相关性都受到其它因子或因子组合的正效应影响。体长生长速度与碱度、pH,离子系数、K 浓度、Ca2 /Mg2 及Na /K 的相关性不明显;同盐度、Ca2 ,Mg2 浓度及Ca2 Mg2 总浓度的关系较为密切,很可能成为影响因子。提高盐度、Ca2 ,Mg2 浓度及Ca2 Mg2 总浓度和驯化水平,将有利于碱性水域幼虾的存活与生长。

Techniques to Transplanting Prawn into Saline-Alkali Waters in Inland China II.Correlation between Growth of Juvenile Shrimp and Environmental Factors in Alkaline Waters

In order to set up the technical system of transplanting and taming prawn into alkaline waters in northeast China,to make growth experiment of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei by way of semi-saltwater from prawn pond and the water of alkaline lake,researching the relativity between the growth of juvenile shrimp and 10 kinds of environmental factors.The results showed: in the waters with alkalinity of 5.41~38.78 mmol/L,the average growth rate of juvenile shrimps in body length were 1.21~0.52 mm/d,total survival rate was 75.7%.Survival rate at the different waters were not significantly difference from each other(P>0.05),but growth rate were extremely significantly difference(P<0.01).The ratios of simple relationship between 10 kinds of environmental factor and growth rate were all effected by remarkable positive effect of the other factors or their suites.The relativity between growth rate and alkalinity,pH,the ionic coefficient(M/D),the concentration of K ,Ca2 /Mg2 ratio are not remarkable,the relativity between one and salinity,the concentration of Ca2 and Mg2 ,and the total concentration of(Ca2 Mg2 )sum were closely related,and may be effect factors.Appropriate improving salinity,the concentration of Ca2 and Mg2 ,and the total concentration of(Ca2 Mg2 )sum and acclimation levels will all be advantageous to the growth and the survival in inland alkaline waters.