菲律宾的竹子生产和研究现状

本文是林业部1987年赴菲竹子考察组的业务总结。菲已知竹种有11属55种,其中36种是直立型的,19种是攀援型的。8种竹种得到广泛应用,其中茨竹(Bambusa blumeana)分布最广,用途最大,是菲律宾最重要竹种。全菲竹林面积不清,估计直立型竹子面积在2万公顷以上。菲律宾气候炎热,雨量充沛,地形复杂,使丛生型、散生型、混生型竹种都有合适的生长区域,但热带型的丛生竹占主要地位。菲对发展人工竹林较为重视,采用的竹子繁殖方法包括种子育苗、鞭移栽、竹兜移栽、秆插、枝插、高压和平埋等等,裸根或带容器栽植,管理比较粗放。菲竹子主要用于渔业、香蕉业、建筑业、家具和手工业、船和筏。菲竹沙发和竹乐器精致,是菲竹子利用的一个特色。竹子改形技术较为成熟,竹子防蛀防腐较为重视。菲律宾竹子研究发展较快,有一批项目包括FAO资助项目正在研究。本文最后提出了几个值得借鉴的开发技术和管理措施。

THE PRESENT SITUATION OF BAMBOO RESEARCH AND PRODUCTION IN THE PHILIPPINES

This paper is a summary provided by the group studying the Philippine bamboo ecology and utilization, sent by the Ministry of Chinese Forestry. At present, there are 55 species belonging to 11 genera in the Philippines, among which 36 are erect and 19 climbing, and 8 of which are used widly. Among the 8 species, Bambusa blumeana is the most important one in the Philippines with widest distribution and most usefulnesses. The total area of erect bamboo groves is over 20,000 ha. by estimation and the total area of bamboo forests in the Philippines is unaware. The blazing climate, abundant rainfall and varied topography in the Philippines provide ideal growing conditions for bamboos with sympodial rhizome, monopodial rhizome and amphipodial rhizome, among which the sympodial type with tropical properties is dominant. Much attention has been devoted to bamboo plantations in the Philippines by adopting varied propagating methods, such as raising seedlings with seeds, the transplant of rhizomes and stumps, propagating with cuttings from culms and branches, laying culms levely, wrapping branches with soil for bud and root sprout, and so on. However, the managing in bamboo forests are extensive. In the Philippines, bamboo is mainly used in fishery, construction, banana production, handicraft, furniture, boat and raft. The exquisite bamboo sofa amd music instrument constitute one of the features of the bamboo utilization in the Philippines. Philippine bamboo deformation techniques are riper and its study on anti-corrosion and anti-moth of bamboos has received more attention. The Philippines has achived fast progress in bamboo research. Now a number of research programs, including those aided by FAO, are being conducted. At the end of this paper, the author introduced some techniques and managing measures for reference.