地表覆盖种植技术工艺的构建方法研究

以机械设计方法学为理论基础,探讨了以改善作物生长的土壤物理条件为目标的地表覆盖种植技术工艺在种植业生产上的应用特点,进而阐述了自然环境-地表覆盖层-土壤-作物系统中构建地表覆盖种植工艺的功能要求、交互作用要求、技术要求和操作要求,并根据各种要求的重要程度建立了满足要求的地表覆盖技术工艺的三级优先原则。以此为基础,研究了地表覆盖的部分功能以及部分功能的组合总体功能,并对其功能进行了检验分析。在列举可能作为地表覆盖材料的前提下,提出构建地表覆盖种植工艺的5种方案:农业生产废弃物覆盖地表,如碎秸秆、谷物颖壳和碎草等;不透光合成材料覆盖地表,如黑色沥青涂层纸和黑色塑料薄膜;透光合成材料覆盖地表,如各种无色塑料薄膜;无机地表覆盖材料,如细沙、砾石等;低矮活体植物生长条件下的地表覆盖,如苜蓿草和各种其它草类。根据覆盖方案的技术评价方法,建立了10项指标的评价体系,并以5级指标值为评价准则,对5种覆盖方案进行了技术总值和相对价值的计算。在检验各种覆盖方案相对评价指标体系的部分值分布均衡性以及相对有效值大小的基础上,确定了农业有机废弃物覆盖地表的相对价值为80%,是满足对作物生长土壤物理因素改善的较佳覆盖方案。研究过程所遵循的原则和地表覆盖种植工艺的构建原理和方法对于地表覆盖种植技术的正确应用以充分发挥其功能具有重要的实际意义

Construction Method for Mulching System in Plant Production

Based on the establishment of demands for a mulching system in plant production, the function of a soil cover for affecting soil physical properties was analyzed. And 5 construction principles for soil cover with agricultural waste materials, inorganic materials, transparent and nontransparent plastic film and low plant for living mulch were suggested. Through technological evaluation of solution variants according to 10 established evaluating criteria system, the reasonable solution variant with a higher grade of approach towards a imagined ideal solution variant was found out. A fundamental condition for mulching system was composed. Finally the effects of selected mulch material on soil physical properties were examined through a field experiment.