鲁西南地区主要气象灾害时空分布特征分析

在气候变暖的背景下,气象灾害频繁发生。为了达到趋利避害、防灾减灾的目的,笔者利用鲁西南地区7县2区多年的气象站观测资料,选取了1971—2010年地面气象站的观测数据和历史气象灾害灾情数据,分析了鲁西南地区的主要气象灾害,简述了暴雨、雷电、大风、冰雹这4种气象灾害的时间和空间分布特征,为鲁西南地区气象灾害防御提供科技支撑和理论支持。结果表明:暴雨日数随着年代的增加呈现出上升的趋势,空间分布总体呈纬向的自北向南递增趋势;雷电日数随着年代的增加总体呈逐年减少的趋势,空间分布由牡丹区逐渐向各县递减;冰雹发生次数呈减少的趋势;大风日数呈现出明显的下降趋势。

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Key Meteorological Disasters in Southwest Shandong

Under the background of climate change, the meteorological disasters occur much frequently. The study aims to prevent disasters and reduce damages. Based on the observation data from the surface meteorological station and that from the historical disasters of the 7 counties and 2 districts in the southwest of Shandong in 1971-2010, the time and space distribution characteristics of the main meteorological disasters in the southwest of Shandong are analyzed, such as rainstorm, thunderbolt, gale and hail. This study provides the technology and theory supports for the prevention of meteorological disasters in the southwest of Shandong. The results show that the number of the rainstorm days increases with the increase of the year and increases from the north to the south. The number of thunderbolt days decreases with the increase of the year and decreases from Mudan district to the other countries. Meanwhile, the number of the hail days shows a decline trend and that of the gale shows a much obvious decline trend.