纳米零价铁在污染土壤修复中的应用与展望

近年来,纳米零价铁因其大的表面积和高的表面反应活性,在生态环境保护和污染控制中的作用与贡献越来越大；同时,作为在污染土壤和水体修复与治理方面可以提供具有成本-效益解决方案的一项新技术,已经受到越来越多的关注.关于纳米零价铁在污染水体和地下水修复方面的报道已有很多,但极少是有关纳米零价铁在污染土壤修复方面的.本综述中,对近期纳米铁及其在环境修复特别是土壤修复中的研究进展作了概括和展望,总结了提高纳米零价铁的活性、稳定性及迁移性的改性技术,如聚合物包覆、活性炭负载、CMC稳定等.这些纳米零价铁可以去除/转移环境中广泛的污染物,如重金属、无机盐及有机物.随后对纳米零价铁及其改性材料在污染土壤修复中的研究进展进行了较为详细的概述,并对影响反应效率的因素加以讨论；另外,还对零价纳米铁在环境中的稳定性、迁移性及其潜在生态毒性效应做了简要的探讨.对其未来的应用方向进行了展望,以期为今后研究纳米零价铁作为参考.

Application of Nanoscale Zero-valent Iron to Contaminated Soil Remediation: A Review

In recent years, the role and contribution of nanoscale zero-valent iron in eco-environmental protection and pollution control is growing due to its large surface areas and high surface reactivity; in the meantime, more and more attention has been paid to nanoscale zero-valent iron as a new technology that could provide cost-effective solution for remediation and treatment of contaminated soils and water. There have been many articles about remediation of contaminated water and groundwater using nanoscale zero-valent iron, but few work was focused on application of nanoscale zero-valent iron to contaminated soil remediation. In this review, the recent development in both laboratory and pilot studies on nanoscale zero-valent iron and its application to environmental remediation was assessed. We summarized methods to enhance iron nanoparticle reactivity, stability and subsurface mobility, such as polymer-coating iron nanoparticles, carbon-supported iron nanoparticles and CMC-stabilized iron nanoparticles, in particular, transformation and detoxification of a wide variety of common environmental contaminants, including heavy metals, inorganic salts and organic pollutants. In the next, we focused on application of nanoscale zero-valent iron and its modified materials to contaminated soil remediation, and discussed the factors affecting the remediation efficiency. The transport and mobility of these nanoparticles in the environment as well as their potential ecotoxicological effects were also briefly discussed. What more, their future application directions were forecasted for the reference of future research on nanoscale zero-valent iron.