氮磷钾平衡施用对油用向日葵产量及肥料效率的影响

为明确施用氮、 磷、 钾化肥对油用向日葵产量的影响，以及油用向日葵对氮、 磷、 钾养分的吸收规律和利用效率，于2008~2010年在内蒙古河套及土默川的向日葵典型种植区域进行了9 项次田间肥料试验，结果表明，油用向日葵施用氮、 磷、 钾肥均有增产效果，其中氮肥增产效果最好，钾肥其次，磷肥增产最少，增产幅度分别为20.5%、 14.4% 和 11.5%，每公斤 N、 P2O5 和 K2O分别增产油用向日葵籽粒3.5、 5.0 和 4.6 kg。施用氮、 磷、 钾化肥的养分当季利用率分别为34.3%、 14.8%和50.2%。生产100 kg油用向日葵籽粒分别需要N、 P2O5 和 K2O 4.99、 1.74 和 6.78 kg。以上重要参数的确定为向日葵的科学施肥提供了理论依据，是油用向日葵实现增产增效的基础。

Effects of N,P and K fertilizers on yield and fertilizer efficiency of oil sunflower

In order to investigate the effects of fertilization on yield, and the nutrient utilization and absorption of oil sunflower, nine field experiments were carried in Hetao areas and Tumochuan plain of Inner Mongolia from 2008 to 2010. The results show that the oil sunflower yields are increased by 20.5% and 14.4% and 11.5% when the nitrogen and potassium and phosphorus fertilizer are used respectively. The increased oil sunflower seed yields per kilogram N and P2O5 and K2O are 3.5 kg and 5.0 kg and 4.6 kg respectively, and the N and P2O5 and K2O fertilizer use efficiencies are 34.3% and 14.8% and 50.2%. About N 4.99 kg,P2O5 1.74 kg and K2O 6.78 kg are needed to produce 100 kg oil sunflower seeds. All these indexes are important to the scientific fertilization for oil sunflower.