香叶天竺葵多倍体精油的化学成分研究

探讨香叶天竺葵（Pelargonium graveolens L’He’rit）染色体加倍后精油的香气特征,为香叶新品种选育提供理论基础。对香叶天竺葵扦插苗、组培苗和多倍苗的香叶油进行GC-9A分析,并与玫瑰香叶油、法国波尔蓬香叶油的主成分进行对比。这5种油的化学成分相同,但各成分的百分含量有差异。组培苗及多倍苗香叶油中香叶醇、甲酸香叶酯、芳樟醇的含量显著提高,而香茅醇、甲酸香茅酯、玫瑰醚的含量有所下降。其中,多倍苗香叶油含：香茅醇26.1%,香叶醇14.81%,β-古芸烯4.77%,这3个主香成分接近法国波尔蓬香叶油中的含量。香叶天竺葵染色体加倍后能改善其精油的品质,其精油中香茅醇、香叶醇的含量更接近法国波尔蓬等国外香叶油中的含量。

The Analysis of Chemical Constituents of Essential Oil in Pelargonium graveolens Polyloid Seedlings

In order to determine the aroma characteristics of the essential oil of Pelargonium graveolens L’He’rit. chromosome doubling seedlings, and to provide theoretical direction for developing new variety of Pelargonium graveolens. The chemical constituents of the Geranium oil from cutting, tissue cultured, polyploidy seedlings were analysed by GC-9A, and compared to the major components of Pelargonium rosum oil and Bour Geranium oil. There was the same kind of chemical constituents, but their content varied among all the tested oils. The content of geraniol, geranyl formate and linalool was significantly higher, but there were fewer citronellol, citronellyl formate and rose oxide in oils of tissue cultured and polyploidy seedling. The content of citronellol was 26.1%, and geraniol was 14.81%, and β-gurjunene was 4.77% in the oil of polyploidy seedlings. Chromosome doubling of Pelargonium graveolens plants is a good way to improve its essential oil quality, and the content of citronellol and geraniol is similar to Bour Geranium oil.