基于三维显微系统的木材切削表面粗糙度分析

以榆木、杨木和松木为试验材料,采用不同的测试模式、木材切面、放大倍数和切削加工方式对切削表面粗糙度进行测定评价,比较分析上述因素的影响。结果表明:测定模式对于粗糙度值有一定影响;同一树种、同一切面时,磨削表面粗糙度明显低于锯切和旋切,表面粗糙度值为锯切>旋切>磨削;榆木磨削加工中,显微构造明显部位的三切面粗糙度值为径切面>弦切面>横切面;放大倍数与木材显微构造有关,对表面粗糙度值有影响。基于试验结果提出,木材切削表面粗糙度测定评价宜采用先选定被测试件的评价部位,再确定满足精度等级的测试模式的两步法进行。

Analysis of Cut Wood Surface Roughness Based on 3D Microscopic Systems

Elm, Poplar and Pine were chosen as the raw materials, to determine and evaluate the roughness of the cut surface under different test modes, wood three-sections, different magnifications, and different cutting methods. Meanwhile, their impact degrees were also compared and analyzed. The results showed that measurement modes had an impact on the roughness value under the same conditions. While the roughness of the grinding surface was significantly lower than sawing and rotary cutting in the same tree species and section, the surface roughness of rotary cutting was lower than that of sawing. In the roughness of the three-section, the obvious microscopic structure of Elm grinding process, the surface roughness of diameter section was the highest, and the cross section was the lowest. The magnification is related to the wood microscopic structure and affecting the surface roughness. Thus, the determination and evaluation of the roughness of the wood cut surface can be carried out in two steps, firstly, the evaluation site of the selected test piece can be considered comprehensively, and the second is to select the method that could satisfy the accuracy level.