灌溉和生草对猕猴桃园土壤质量的影响

为探明灌溉和生草对猕猴桃园土壤质量的影响,于2016—2017年在陕西省眉县猕猴桃园试验地分别布设地面灌溉+除草(Ⅰ)、地面灌溉+自然生草(Ⅱ)、滴灌+除草(Ⅲ)和滴灌+自然生草(Ⅳ)4种处理,对试验地0～50 cm土层的土壤机械组成、物理和化学性质进行了统计分析,并利用土壤质量综合指数对土壤质量进行了评价,结果表明:与其他处理相比,Ⅲ处理使0～30 cm土层土壤容重和砂粒质量分数分别降低了0.02～0.24g·cm~(-3)和0.36%～5.25%,使土壤孔隙度、田间持水量、黏粒质量分数和土壤粒径分形维数分别增大了0.17%～7.17%、0.59%～2.53%、0.99%～7.15%和0.01～0.13;Ⅳ处理在0～30 cm土层中的速效磷和碱解氮与Ⅰ、Ⅱ处理无差异,显著高于Ⅲ处理10.75～109.55 mg·kg~(-1)和20.74～78.91 mg·kg~(-1)(P0.05),可使0～50 cm土层的速效钾、速效磷和碱解氮分别达到猕猴桃施肥标准的丰富、中等及中等水平;与其他处理相比,Ⅳ处理可使0～50 cm土层土壤黏粒质量分数增加了1.21%～2.66%,土壤粉粒质量分数减少了0.81%～1.41%,使土壤分形维数显著增加(P0.05),土壤质量综合指数最大,达0.619。因此,滴灌+自然生草(Ⅳ)的管理方式是猕猴桃园土地可持续性利用的有效措施。

Effects of irrigation and grass on soil quality in kiwifruit orchard

In order to explore the effects of irrigation and grass on soil quality in kiwifruit orchard, surface irrigation + weed control (I), surface irrigation + natural grass (II), drip + weed control (III), and drip irrigation + natural grass (IV) treatments were set up in the kiwifruit orchard in Meixian county, Shaanxi Province from 2016 to 2017. The mechanical composition and physical and chemical properties of the soil in 0~50 cm soil layer in the test site were statistically analyzed, and the soil quality of 4 treatments was evaluated with the soil quality index. The results showed that compared with other treatments, treatment III reduced soil bulk density and sand grain mass fraction of 0~30 cm soil layer by 0.02~0.24 g·cm^-3 and 0.36%~5.25%, respectively, and also increased soil porosity, field capacity, clay grain mass fraction, and soil particle\|size distributions by 0.17%~7.17%, 0.59%~2.53%, 0.99%~7.15%, and 0.01~0.13, respectively; There was no difference in available phosphorus and alkali hydrolysable nitrogen in 0~30 soil layer between treatment IV and treatments I and II, but it was significantly higher than that of treatment III 10.75~109.55 mg·kg^-1 and 20.74~78.91 mg·kg^-1 (P<0.05). The available potassium, available phosphorus, and alkali hydrolysable nitrogen in 0~50 cm soil layer of treatment IV reached the rich, medium, and medium levels of fertilization for kiwifruit. Compared with other treatments, treatment IV increased soil clay mass fraction by 1.21%~2.66% and particle\|size distributions, and decreased soil powder mass fraction by 0.81%~1.41% (P<0.05). In addition, the soil quality index of treatment IV was the largest value of 0.619. Therefore, drip irrigation + natural grass (IV) was an effective measure for sustainable utilization of land in kiwifruit orchard.