人工接种堆肥和自然堆肥微生物区系变化的比较

目的]为了明确堆肥过程中微生物菌群的组成与变化,为堆肥工艺的优化和人工接种腐熟菌群的应用提供理论依据。方法]采用传统的平板培养技术研究了人工接种堆肥、自然堆肥微生物群落演变过程。结果]传统培养方法显示两种堆肥过程中微生物群落演变均呈"升高-降低-升高-降低"变化,堆肥整个过程中细菌数量占优势;人工接种NMF菌群增加了堆肥中微生物总体数量,丰富了微生物种群多样性,促进了堆肥菌群演替,堆肥腐熟时间缩短;接种NMF菌群能够提高堆肥纤维素分解菌、放线菌、氨化细菌、硝化细菌数量,减少堆肥反硝化作用,有利于纤维素、木质素等难降解物质的分解、转化为腐殖质,同时能够减少堆肥过程中氮素损失。结论]研究堆肥过程中微生物区系的演变对于了解堆肥进程、优化堆肥工艺具有重要的意义。

Comparison Study on Dynamics of Microbial Population in Inoculated and Natural Composts

Objective] The study aimed to confirm the constitute and dynamic change of the microbial population during composting course and provide the theoretical basis for optimizing the composting technology and applying the inoculated maturity microbial population.Method] The evolvement course of the microbial population in inoculated and natural composts was studied by traditional flat plate culture technology.Result] The microbial population dynamics showed the trend of "increase-decrease-increase-decrease" in two composts by traditional culture method and the bacteria number dominated in whole course of composting.Inoculation of NMF population increased the total microbe amount,enriched the diversity of microbe population,and accelerated microbe,s succession during composting,so the time of composting process was reduced.Inoculation of NMF population increased the amount of cellulose-decomposing microorganisms,actinomyces,ammoniation-bacteria and nitrifying-bacteria,weakened the denitrification of composting,which could decompose and translate cellulose and lignin into the humus,and reduced nitrogen loss during composting.Conclusion] The research on the evelvement of the microbial population during composting was important to realize composting course and optimize the composting technology.