秸秆还田条件下不同有机肥对土壤养分和冬小麦养分积累的影响

为了解秸秆还田条件下不同类型有机肥在麦田的施用效果,采用田间试验,设置T1(6 000kg·hm~(-2)玉米秸秆粉碎深翻还田)、T2(6 000kg·hm~(-2)玉米秸秆粉碎+有机肥A 1 500kg·hm~(-2)深翻还田)、T3(6 000kg·hm~(-2)玉米秸秆粉碎+有机肥B 1 500kg·hm~(-2)深翻还田)3个处理,研究了秸秆还田条件下不同类型有机肥对冬小麦越冬期、孕穗期和成熟期土壤微生物量碳(MBC)、氮(MBN)、土壤速效养分含量、冬小麦植株养分积累量以及冬小麦产量和当季经济效益的影响。结果表明,与T1处理相比,T2处理冬小麦各生育时期土壤微生物量碳、氮、土壤矿质态氮和土壤速效钾含量、植株氮和钾的积累量、冬小麦孕穗期和成熟期土壤速效磷含量、植株磷的积累量均显著提高;冬小麦实际产量和当季相对净收益亦均显著增加,分别提高了17.5%和22.0%。T3处理冬小麦越冬期土壤微生物量碳、越冬期和孕穗期土壤微生物量氮、各生育期土壤矿质态氮和越冬期土壤速效钾、各生育期植株氮和钾的积累量、孕穗期和成熟期植株磷的积累量亦均显著提高;冬小麦实际产量提高10.3%,达显著水平,但其当季经济效益并未显著提高。本试验条件下,综合施用两种有机肥对不同指标的影响,以T2处理效果更佳。

Effect of Different Organic Fertilizers on Soil Nutrients and Nutrient Accumulation in Winter Wheat with Straw Returning

In order to know the application effect of different types of organic fertilizers in wheat field under straw returning,a field experiment was conducted to stuty the effects of different types of organic fertilizers on soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC) and nitrogen(MBN) content,available nutrient content,plant nutrient accumulation amount at the wintering,booting and mature stages of winter wheat,and winter wheat yield and seasonal economic benefit under straw returning. Three treatments were designed,such as T1(6 000 kg·hm^-2 crushed corn straw were returned into field),T2(6 000 kg·hm^-2 crushed corn straw + organic fertilizer A 1 500 kg·hm^-2 were returned into field),and T3(6 000 kg·hm^-2 crushed corn straw + organic fertilizer B 1 500 kg·hm^-2 were returned into field). The results showed that,compared with T1 treatment,T2 treatment could significantly increase soil MBC and MBN content,soil mineral nitrogen and available potassium content,and plant nitrogen and potassium accumulation during the reproductive period of winter wheat; it also can significantly improve soil available phosphorus content and plant phosphorus accumulation at the booting and mature stages of winter wheat; the yield and seasonal relative net income of winter wheat were also significantly increased by 17.5% and 22.0%,respectively. Compared with T1 treatment,the soil MBC content at wintering stage,soil MBN content at wintering and booting stages,soil mineral nitrogen content during reproductive period,soil available potassium content at wintering stage,plant nitrogen and potassium accumulation during the reproductive period and plant phosphorus accumulation at booting and mature stages of winter wheat of T3 treatment were also significantly increased; the yield of T3 treatment was significantly increased by 10.3%,but the seasonal economic benefit was not significantly improved. Under the experimental conditions,T2 treatment are considered as better,with comprehensive considering the effect of these two kinds of organic fertilizers on different indices.