普通小麦-野生二粒小麦染色体臂置换系的种子萌发和幼苗生长特性

为了挖掘野生二粒小麦的优异基因资源,选择以普通小麦品种Bethlehem(BLH)和中国春(Chinese Spring,CS)为背景的两套野生二粒小麦染色体臂置换系(chromosome arm substitution lines,CASLs)为材料,开展种子萌发与幼苗生长特性的研究。结果表明,无论在BLH还是在CS背景下,不同CASL之间发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数等种子萌发性状以及主根长、根数、苗高、平均根长等幼苗生长特性均存在一定的差异。两个遗传背景中,5BS和7BS置换系的种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均显著高于亲本,而5AS和6AS置换系却显著低于亲本,推测在这些置换系相应染色体臂上至少各带有一个调控小麦发芽特性的QTL。4BL和6BL置换系的苗高、主根长和平均根长均大于亲本;2BS和3AL置换系的主根长和根数都大于亲本;5BS、6AL、2AS和1AS置换系的主根长和平均根长均大于亲本。1BS置换系的苗高、主根长和平均根长均比亲本小;4AL置换系的平均根长和根数小于亲本。由此推测,在1AS、2AS、3AL、6AL、2BS和5BS染色体上可能存在控制小麦幼苗叶片和根系生长的相关基因。

Investigation on the Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Chromosome Arm Substitution Lines of Triticum dicoccoides in the Background of T.aestivum

In order to explore the elite genes related to seed germination and seedling growth in Triticum dicoccoides(TDIC), two sets of chromosome arm substitution lines(CASLs) of TDIC in the genetic background of two common wheat cultivars Bethlehem(BLH) and Chinese Spring(CS) were used. The results showed that the indices of seed germination and seedling growth had large variation among different CASLs in both backgrounds of BLH and CS. In both backgrounds, the germination rate, germination potential and germination index of CASLs 5BS and 7BS were significantly higher than those of their parents. Additionally, the seed germination indices of CASL 5AS and CASL 6AS were significantly lower than those of their parents, suggesting that at least one effective QTL controls seed germination on the corresponding TDIC chromosomes. The seedling height, taproot length and average root length of CASLs 4BL and 6BL were significantly higher or longer than those of their parents. The taproot length and root number of CASLs 2BS and 3AL were significantly longer and more than those of their parents. The taproot length and average root length of four CASLs(5BS, 6AL, 2AS and 1AS) were significantly longer than those of their parents. The seedling height, root length and average root length of CASL 1BS were significantly lower than those of their parents. The average root length and root number of CASL 4AL were significantly shorter and less than the those of their parents. All above results indicated that the genes related to seed germination and seedling growth might be distributed on chromosomes 1AS, 2AS, 3AL, 6AL, 2BS and 5BS in wheat.