吉育86在新疆超高产的干物质积累与产量性状分析

本研究以引进并在新疆连续获得超高产的大豆品种吉育86为研究对象，以当地具有高产潜力的新大豆23号为对照，通过对两个品种的生育期、农艺性状、干物质积累、叶面积指数、净同化量、叶生产力以及产量构成因子进行比较，旨在分析吉育86在新疆超高产表现中的干物质积累与产量构成性状，以期为建立吉育86在新疆超高产表现及高产品种选育提供理论依据。结果表明：（1）初花期后，吉育86根系生物量逐渐高于新大豆23号；整个生育期，吉育86花荚生物量相对较高；完熟期，吉育86荚果干物质量较新大豆23号显著高16.7%。（2）两个品种的叶面积指数、净同化量均在鼓粒期达到峰值，此时新大豆23号叶面积指数较吉育86高80%；鼓粒期后，吉育86净同化量和叶生产力显著（P<0.05）高于新大豆23号。（3）吉育86株高与节数合理，分枝较少，株型相对紧凑，群体优势较为明显。（4）吉育86的单粒重、百粒重、收获株数显著（P<0.05）高于新大豆23号。综上所述，吉育86株型结构合理，群体优势明显，叶面积指数适宜，光合产物利用率较高，有利于营养器官干物质积累量向籽粒转移，充分发挥其高产潜力，获得超高产。

Analysis of dry matter accumulation and yield traits for super high-yielding soybean Jiyu 86 in Xinjiang

In this study, Ji-yu 86, a soybean variety introduced in the early stage and super high-yielding in Xinjiang, was selected for this research, and Xin-dadou 23 with high yield potential in local area as control. The growth period, agronomic traits, leaf area index, net assimilation amount, leaf productivity and yield components were compared in order to elucidate the dry matter accumulation and yield traits of Jiyu 86 for the super high yield in Xinjiang, and to further provide theoretical basis for the high yield of Jiyu 86, and to assist in breeding super high yield cultivars. The results showed that after the first flowering stage, the root biomass of Ji-yu 86 was significantly higher than that of Xindadou 23, and flower pods biomass of Jiyu 86 was also relatively higher than that of Xindadou 23 in the whole growth period. Moreover, the pod dry weight of Ji-yu 86 was 16.7% higher than that of Xindadou 23 at maturity stage. Leaf area index and net assimilation of both cultivars were peaked at drumming stage, at which time the leaf area index of Xindadou 23 was 80% higher than that of Ji-yu 86. After drumming stage, net assimilation and leaf productivity of Jiyu 86 were significantly (P <0.05) higher than that of Xindadou 23. Jiyu 86 has relatively compact plant structure, suitable plant height, stem nodes number, less branches and significant population heterosis. In addition, single seed weight, 100-seed weight, harvested plant number of Jiyu 86 were significantly (P <0.05) higher than those of Xindadou 23. In general, the plant structure of Ji-yu 86 was reasonable with obvious population advantages, suitable leaf area index and high utilization rate of photosynthetic products, which could assist the transfer of dry matter accumulation from vegetative organs to grain and achieve a super high yield.