油菜与核盘菌互作分子机理研究进展

菌核病是由核盘菌（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary）引起的真菌性病害，每年导致油菜（Brassica napus L.）产量损失10%-20%，是制约我国油菜生产最主要的病害。培育抗（耐）病油菜品种是防治油菜菌核病最为经济有效的途径。本文主要综述了近五年油菜-核盘菌互作分子机制的研究进展。研究表明：（1）核盘菌侵染寄主早期存在活体营养型阶段；（2）草酸提供的酸性pH，而非草酸本身，是核盘菌的必需致病因子；（3）核盘菌有效地利用效应蛋白抑制寄主的抗病反应或者诱导寄主细胞坏死以帮助其侵染；（4）油菜对菌核病的抗性具有中等遗传力，为数量抗性；（5）病原相关分子模式（pathogen-associated molecular pattern, PAMP）引发的免疫反应（PAMP-triggered immunity, PTI）是油菜对核盘菌产生数量抗性的主要根源；（6）功能基因组学研究表明抗（耐）病油菜材料防卫反应更加剧烈，能有效调控细胞内的氧化还原平衡状态，及时清除过量活性氧（reactive oxygen species，ROS）的积累，抑制细胞死亡。核盘菌-油菜互作分子机制的研究将有助于指导油菜抗菌核病育种。

Research progress on molecular mechanisms of Brassica napus-Sclerotinia sclerotiorum interaction

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) caused by pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a major disease of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in China, causing 10%-20% of yield losses every year. Breeding and cultivation of resistant varieties are the most efficient and economic approaches in control of SSR in rapeseed. Here, we review the main advances in molecular mechanism of B. napus?S. sclerotiorum interaction in the past five years. These studies showed that (1) S. sclerotiorum persist a biotrophic lifestyle during the early stages of infection; (2) Acidic pH, not oxalic acid per se, is the necessary condition for disease development; (3) S. sclerotiorum effectively utilizes effectors to facilitate infection by suppressing plant basal defense responses or modulating host cell death; (4) The heritability of SSR resistance in B. napus is moderate, and is quantitative resistance; (5) Pathogen-associated molecular pattern triggered immunity (PTI) is the main source of the quantitative resistance to SSR; (6) Functional genomics studies showed that the resistance/tolerant B. napus lines could activate stronger defense responses, effectively regulate the redox equilibrium stat, eliminate the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and impair cell death. These results provide insights into the complex molecular mechanisms of B. napus - S. sclerotiorum interaction, which will be helpful in developinn effective strategies in Sclerotinia-resistance breeding.