种子成熟度对黑花生出苗及生育后期光合特性的影响

为明确种子成熟度对黑花生生长的影响，本研究以黑花生品种黔花生七号为试验材料，设4个种子成熟度，采用室内与大田相结合的方式，研究不同成熟度黑花生种子发芽、出苗、生育后期光合特性以及产量的变化。结果表明：不成熟（T1）的花生籽仁作种子，植株长势弱，光合速率低；较成熟（T2）和成熟（T3）的花生籽仁作为种子，其光合同化能力强，光合速率高。随种子成熟度的增加，花生发芽势、发芽率和出苗率均呈先增加后降低趋势，且在T3处理下各指标值最大， T2、T3、T4（过成熟）处理发芽势、发芽率和出苗率均显著高于T1；除结果枝数外，花生产量及农艺性状均随种子成熟度的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势，在处理T3下荚果产量显著高于其他处理。因此，选用成熟的黑花生作为种子，其出苗好，光同化能力强，净光合速率高，荚果产量高。

Effects of seed maturity on seedling emergence and photosynthetic characteristics of black peanut at later growth stage

In order to explore effects of seed maturity on black peanut growth, this experiment was conducted by using of black peanut variety (Qianhuasheng 7) to study the changes of seed germination, seedling emergence, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of black peanut under four seed maturity by combining indoor and field experiments. The results showed that the light assimilation ability and photosynthetic rate of seedling using more mature (T2) and mature (T3) peanut as seed were higher than using the immature (T1) peanut kernel as seed. The germination potential, germination rate and emergence rate of peanut increased first and then decreased with seed maturity, and the highest value was treated at T3, and the value of germination potential, germination rate and emergence rate of treatment T2, T3, T4 were significantly higher than those of T1. In addition to the number of bearing branches, the yield and agronomic traits of peanut increased first and then decreased with seed maturity, and pod yield of T3 treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments. Therefore, mature black peanut was selected as seed, which had good seedling emergence, strong light assimilation ability, high net photosynthetic rate and high pod yield, and was suitable for seed.