山西霍山五角枫不同海拔种群的表型多样性研究

 为了揭示山西五角枫（Acer mono Maxim.）不同海拔种群表型变异程度和变异规律，采用巢式方差分析、主成分分析、相关分析、聚类分析等方法对7个种群200个个体的叶片、果实和种子22个表型性状进行多样性分析。结果表明：五角枫不同种群表型性状存在着丰富的遗传差异，种群间表型分化系数为42.61%，表型变异系数（CV）在7.98% ~ 33.41%之间，7个不同海拔种群的Shannon-Wiener信息指数和Simpson遗传多样性指数分别为2.0164和0.8316，表明五角枫具有较高的表型多样性。主成分分析结果表明，4个主成分对变异的累计贡献率达94.39%，其中果实、叶片贡献率大于种子贡献率。22个表型性状及表型多样性指数与土壤中的钾、磷、pH、速效氮、速效钾、速效磷、土壤有机质、含水量表现出显著或极显著的相关性，说明微生境对其遗传变异的影响。利用群体间欧式距离进行系统聚类分析，可以将7个五角枫种群分为两大类。

Phenotypic Diversity of Populations of Acer mono in Huoshan Mountain of Shanxi at Different Altitude

This study was conducted to determine phenotypic variation of Acer mono Maxim at different altitude and found out the relationship between phenotypic variation and microenvironment in Shanxi. We used nested analysis，principal component analysis, correlation analysis, cluster analysis，variance analysis and multi-comparison to analyze the 22 phenotypic traits for 200 individuals in 7 populations of Acer mono Maxim. The results showed that there were significantly differences in genetic variation in phenotypic traits. Mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient among populations was 42.61%. Coefficient of variation of 22 phenotypic traits varied from 7.98% to 33.41%. Shannon-Wiener information index and Simpson genetic diversity index was 2.0164 and 0.8316 respectively，and which showed that there was high phenotypic diversity in Acer mono Maxim. Principal component analysis showed that the four principal components added up to 94.39% of the variation，among which the contribution rate of cone and leaf were higher than that of seed. A significant relationship had occurred between phenotypic traits and some soil factors，like potassium（K），phosphorus（P），potential of hydrogen（pH），indicating the influence of microenvironment of different altitude populations on phenotypic traits of Acer mono Maxim phenotypic diversity index also had a very significant correlation with soil factors. The Acer mono Maxim investigated could be divided into two groups according to the cluster analysis.