重庆市丰都县植烟区土壤肥力特征研究

对重庆市丰都县植烟区矿子黄泥土、山地黄棕壤和暗紫泥3种植烟土壤的主要肥力特征进行了研究。结果表明:矿子黄泥土和暗紫泥的土壤pH在弱酸至中性范围,而山地黄棕壤pH基本都小于5.50;土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、有效硫含量较高;有效钾、有效铁、有效锰、有效铜丰富;阳离子交换量、有效氮、有效磷含量较低;有效硼、锌、钼、钙和镁含量最低。因此,重庆市丰都县植烟区在施肥管理上应因地制宜,推广平衡施肥技术,注重中、微量元素的补给。总体上,应适当降低丰都县3种植烟土壤磷肥的比例,补充钙、镁、硼、锌、钼等中、微量元素。其中,在山地黄棕壤,应适量使用石灰、白云石或其他碱性肥料,调整土壤pH,并适当减少山地黄棕壤硫素的施用水平,同时注意酌情补施硼肥;在矿子黄泥土,应注意增施硼肥;暗紫泥缺钼现象较为突出,所以应适当补充微量元素钼,适当降低烤烟专用肥中磷的比例,并酌情补施铜肥。

Research on Soil Fertility Properties in the Tobacco Planted Area of Fengdu County

The fertility properties of three types of tobacco soils in Fengdu County of Chengdu were studied.As indicated by the results,the pH of yellow soil and dark purple clay was from weak acid to neutral,while that of mountain yellow brown soil was all below 5.50;the soil fertility was characterized by high contents of OM,TN,TP,TK and available S,abundant resources of available K,Fe,Mn and Cu,low contents of available N,P and CEC,low mass fraction of available B,Zn,Mo,Ca and Mg.Thus,it’s necessary to carry out balanced fertilizer and pay attention to the application of trace elements according to the actual situation of local areas.Generally speaking,we should properly decrease the ratio of phosphate fertilizer and increase the ratio of medium and micro-elements such as Ca,Mg,B,Zn and Mo in three sorts of tobacco-growing soils in Fengdu County.For mountain yellow brown soil,we should provide them with appropriate content of alkaline fertilizer such as lime,dolomite,etc.to adjust pH value and decrease the application rate of S and meanwhile supply them with appropriate content of B fertilizer according to the nutrient status of soil.For yellow soil,we should increase the application of B fertilizer.For dark purple clay,it is necessary to apply adequate Mo.A proper decrease in the ratio of P and increase in the ratio of Cu in specific fertilizers of flue-cured tobacco is also beneficial.