不同采收成熟度对湘西烟叶质量的影响

目的]研究不同采收成熟度对湘西烤烟(Nicotiana tabacum L.)烟叶质量的影响,为提高湘西烟叶产量和工业可用性提供科学依据。方法]供试烤烟品种为K326。试验共设9个小区,每个小区面积99 m2。选取上中下3个部位的烟叶分别挂牌标记。每个部位烟叶都分3种不同的成熟度,每个成熟度3次重复,烟叶采收后采用菲莫烘烤工艺进行烘烤。结果]不同成熟度烟叶在叶绿素方面表现出一定的规律,欠熟、适熟、过熟烟叶叶绿素相对值含量均表现为下2棚叶腰叶上2棚叶,同部位烟叶叶绿素含量均值变化均为欠熟叶适熟叶过熟叶。从产值及均价来看,下2棚叶按欠熟和适熟标准采收,腰叶按适熟标准采收,能够提高单叶重和收购均价;上2棚叶按过熟标准采收,对单叶重影响不明显,但能显著提高烟叶收购均价,促进烟农增收。从化学成分和评吸质量的分析结果来看,下2棚叶按欠熟标准采收,腰叶按适熟或过熟标准采收,上2棚叶按过熟标准采收,化学成分较协调,烟叶香气质及香气量充足,劲头和刺激性适中,焦香和甜香均有,余味舒适。结论]从保障烟农收入和满足工业生产原料需求两方面考虑,下2棚叶按欠熟标准采收,腰叶按适熟标准采收,上2棚叶按过熟标准采收,较适合湘西地区烟叶生产,既能有效增加烟农的经济效益,又能使烟叶化学成分更为协调,评吸质量更高,有效提高烟叶品质。

Effects of Different Maturity Grade on Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.) in Xiangxi

Objective] The purpose was to study the effects of different maturity grade on the quality of tobacco leaf in Xiangxi,and provide a scientific basis for local tobacco production and industrial availability.Method] The flue-cured tobacco variety was K326.Nine plots were designed and each plot area was 99 m2.Upper,middle and lower parts of flue-cured tobacco leaves were chose to list and mark respectively.Each part was divided into 3 maturity grade to collect with 3 repeated,then were cured by Feimo curing technique.Result] Different maturity grade flue-cured tobacco leaves showed a certain law in chlorophyll contents of less maturity,proper maturity and overmaturity leaves from different parts were all as follows: Lower parts of leaves > middle parts of leaves> upper parts of leaves,those of different maturity grade leaves from the same part were all as follows: Less maturity leaves> proper maturity leaves> overmaturity leaves.From productive value and average price,lower parts of leaves collected at less maturity and proper maturity and middle parts of leaves collected at proper maturity had higher weight per leaf and average price;Upper parts of leaves collected at overmaturity had no significant change in weight per leaf,but their average price could be improved significantly,then improved flue-cured tobacco grower.From chemical components and sensory quality,lower parts of leaves collected at less maturity,middle parts of leaves collected at proper maturity and overmaturity and upper parts of leaves collected at overmaturity had many good characteristics of harmonious chemical components,adequate quality and quantity of aroma,medium physiological strength and irritation and comfortable lingering smell,and it had a burnt sweet odour.Conclusion] Considering ensuring flue-cured tobacco grower income and satisfying with industrial production materials,that lower parts of leaves are collected according to less maturity standard,middle parts of leaves are collected according to proper maturity standard,and upper parts of leaves are collected according to overmaturity standard is suit for leaves production in Xiangxi Region,which not only increased flue-cured tobacco grower income,but also makes leaves’ chemical components more harmonious and sensory quality higher,to improve their quality.