不同专用配方肥对水稻产量、养分吸收及经济效益的影响

为研究不同水稻专用配方肥及配套施肥技术对水稻生长、产量、养分吸收、肥料利用率和经济效益的影响,为水稻专用配方肥的合理施用提供依据,在湖北省3个水稻主产县(市)布置田间试验,设不施肥(CK)、经验推荐施肥(ERF)以及湖北省农业推广部门推荐的3个品牌水稻专用配方肥,共计5个处理。结果表明:不同施肥处理均可显著提高水稻的产量,与不施肥处理相比,施肥处理的水稻增产15.6%~119.9%;地上部N、P_2O_5和K_2O的吸收量分别增加了31.7~86.6 kg/hm~2、3.5~27.4 kg/hm~2和65.6~152.8 kg/hm~2;产值增加2 354~15 729元/hm~2,增幅为15.6%~119.9%。与经验推荐施肥(ERF)处理相比,配方肥1(RSF1)处理水稻产量在3个试验点分别增加14.8%、21.6%和-3.6%;肥料偏生产力分别提高-20.6%、0.7%和-22.8%;纯收入均有降低的趋势,降幅为4.7%~46.4%。配方肥2(RSF2)处理水稻在3个试验点均有增产,增幅为9.9%~43.2%;肥料偏生产力提高11.4%~28.8%;纯收入增加9.3%~55.6%。配方肥3(RSF3)处理水稻产量在3个试验点分别增产26.3%、-31.4%和18.3%;肥料偏生产力降低3.5%~15.1%;纯收入分别增加-2.3%、15.3%和-82.1%。可见,不同水稻专用配方肥在不同区域的施用效果差异显著,配方肥2的效果较好,配方肥1(RSF1)和配方肥3(RSF3)的配方及配套施用技术有待进一步优化。

Effects of Different Special Formula Fertilizer on Rice Yield,Nutrient Uptake and Economic Benefit

In order to study the effects of different special fertilizer formula on rice growth, yield, nutrient uptake, fertilizer use efficiency and economic benefits, and provide basis for rational application of special fertilizer formula for rice, this paper conducted field experiments in 3 major rice producing counties/cities of Hubei province, by 5 treatments: no fertilization(CK), experience recommended fertilization (ERF) and fertilization recommended by Hubei provincial agricultural extension department these 3 brands special fertilizer formula for rice. The results showed that different fertilizer treatments could significantly improve the rice yield. The rice yield of fertilization treatments were increased by 15.6%~119.9%, compared to that of the no fertilization treatment. The N, P2O5 and K2O uptakes by aboveground parts were increased by 31.7~86.6 kg/hm2, 3.5~27.4 kg/hm2 and 65.6~152.8 kg/hm2, respectively, and the production values were increased significantly by 2 354~15 729 yuan/hm2 with 15.6%~119.9% increasing rate. Compared with that of the experience recommended fertilization treatment (ERF), the rice yields by special fertilizer formula 1 (RSF1) at the 3 test points were increased by 14.8%, 21.6% and -3.6%, respectively. The partial productivity of fertilizer was increased by -20.6%, 0.7% and -22.8%, respectively. The net income were declined by 4.7%~46.4%. The rice yields by special fertilizer formula 2 (RSF2) treatment in the 3 sites were significantly increased by 9.9%~43.2%. Fertilizer partial productivity was increased by 11.4%~28.9%. The net income was increased by 9.3%~55.6%. The rice yield by special fertilizer formula 3 (RSF3) at the 3 test points were increased by 26.3%, -31.4% and 18.3%, respectively. The partial productivity of fertilizer was increased by 3.5%~15.1%. The net income at the 3 test points were increased by -2.3%, 15.3% and -82.1%, respectively. So at different regions, the application effects of different rice special fertilizer formula were significant different. The effect of special fertilizer formula 2 (RSF2) is better. The 1 (RSF1) and 3 (RSF3) formulas and their matching applying technology still need to be further improved.