昌黎黄金海岸国家级自然保护区土地利用/覆被变化及驱动力分析

以新开口南部公路至七里海东侧小路为界,将昌黎黄金海岸国家级自然保护区陆域分为北部研究区和南部研究区,利用1991年和2010年两期遥感影像数据解译图分别获取昌黎黄金海岸国家级自然保护区南、北两部分土地利用数据,基于GIS空间分析与数理统计方法分别对1991-2010年南北两部分的土地利用/覆被变化特征进行定量分析,运用区域生态环境质量指数和区域土地利用变化类型生态贡献率,对南北两部分土地利用变化的生态环境效应及导致其生态环境质量变化的土地利用变化类型进行了分析与评价.结果表明:1991-2010年期间北部研究区和南部研究区的土地利用变化主要表现为草地的减少,耕地、林地、建设用地、水域和未利用地面积增加的态势;1991-2010年北部研究区和南部研究区的生态环境质量均呈下降趋势,区域生态环境质量指数分别从0.7592下降至0.5855和0.6626下降至0.5292;北部研究区的生态环境质量劣于南部研究区,致使北部研究区生态环境质量下降的主要驱动力是建设用地规模的扩大,而引起南部研究区生态环境质量下降的主要驱动力是土地退化.

Analysis of Land Use/Land Cover Change and Driving Forces in Changli Gold Coast National Nature Reserve

Changli Gold Coast, the national natural reserve, was divided into two study areas-the northern part and the southern part with the border from the southern road of Xinkaikou to the eastern path of Qilihai in this study. The changed data of land use of the two areas were obtained from the remote sensing image interpretation made in the year 1991 and 2010. And a quantitative study on the land use/cover from the year 1991 to 2010 was made in the two study areas of Changli Gold Coast through the GIS spatial analysis and mathematical statistics method. An analysis and assessment were carried out to investigate the eco-environmental effect on land use change and the types of land use change which led to the change of eco-environmental quality in the northern and southern study area based on the regional ecological environmental quality index and regional changes of land use. The results showed that the changes of land use in the northern and southern study area of Changli Gold Coast from the year 1991 to 2010 were manifested by the tendency of the reduction of grassland and the increase of cropland, forest, construction land, water body and unused land. From the 1991 to 2010, the regional ecological environmental quality index of northern study area decreased from 0.759 2 to 0.585 5, and the index in southern area was from 0.662 6 to 0.529 2. The eco-environmental quality in the northern and southern study area both tended to decrease. The eco-environmental quality in the northern area was inferior to that in the southern part. The main factor affecting the decrease of eco-environmental quality in northern area was the expansion of the construction land, while land degeneration was the main reason why the eco-environmental quality decreased in southern area.