蚕豆油壶菌疱疱病及其防治的初步研究

 蚕豆疱疱病是川西北高原春蚕豆的主要病害之一,发病面积约6万亩。罹病茎、叶起疱,一般因病减产20%左右。病原为巢豆油壶菌(Olpidium viciae)。巢豆油壶菌及其所致病害发生于日本,我国尚属初次发现。该菌寄主范围广,易见的自然寄主为蚕豆、豌豆和歪头菜。在人工接种下,除可侵染大豆、菜豆、箭舌豌豆、兵豆等多种豆科作物外,也能侵染油菜、结球甘蓝、大白菜、萝卜、黄瓜、南瓜、莴苣、菠菜、荞麦等作物。以病株残体内的休眠孢子囊在土内越冬,翌春萌发侵入寄主,在寄主细胞内形成游动孢子囊,通过出管释放单鞭毛游动孢子进行再侵染,潜育期13~18天。游动孢子亦起配子作用,结合形成双鞭毛游动合子,以合子侵入。后期在寄主细胞内形成休眠孢子囊。

A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF BLISTER DISEASE OF BROAD-BEAN(OLPIDIUM VICIAE KUSANO) AND ITS CONTROL

The blister disease(Olpidium viciae Kusano) of broad-bean is one of the major diseases in the plateau north-west Sichuan province.It is distributed at an altitude 2500-3400 metre above sea level.The loss in 1980 due to this disease was estimated to be about 20 per cent of yield.This disease is considered to be identicae to the warty scab of broad-bean in Japan,since the causae organism is the fungus Olpidium viciae.The host range covered the following plants:broad-bean,pea vetch(Vicia unijuga),rape(Brassica napus),cabbage(B.oleracea var.capitata),Chinese cabbage(B,pekinensis),radish(Raphanus sativus),cucumber(Cucumis sativus),pumpkin(Cucurbita moschata),lettuce(Lactuca sativa),spinach(Spinacia oleracea),buck-wheat(Fagopyrum esculentum),soybean(Glycine max),kidney bean(Phaseolus vulgaris) and others.The life history of the fungus.
Was studied in detail and control measures against the blister disease were tried.It was found that three years,crop rotation together with chemicals,such as Topsin-M,Bavistin,Bayleton,Zineb,Bordeaux mixture and other chemicals showed a certain degree of efficacy.