亚洲棉EMS诱变条件优化与突变体筛选

【目的】明确适于亚洲棉诱变的甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)最佳浓度和处理时间,创制优异亚洲棉突变体。【方法】用体积分数0.4%~1.5%EMS溶液浸泡处理亚洲棉石系亚1号种子4~8 h,分析不同时间、不同浓度的EMS溶液处理对石系亚1号种子萌发和生长的影响,并对M1、M2代突变株的形态学特征进行了初步鉴定。【结果】0.6%EMS溶液处理8 h,石系亚1号种子的发芽率、发芽指数分别为51%、18.84,诱变效果最佳。以该参数大规模诱变处理约23 000粒石系亚1号种子,共筛选获得M1代变异材料5559株,突变频率为48.37%;M2代变异材料825份,突变频率为14.17%,其中叶型、株型的突变频率最高,分别为8.0%,5.9%;M3代变异株系57个,变异性状遗传频率为31.30%,M3代新增突变频率为18.26%。【结论】本研究建立了亚洲棉种子EMS诱变体系,构建了亚洲棉石系亚1号M2突变群体,获得了36份可稳定遗传的突变体株系,为棉花功能基因组研究奠定了材料基础。

Optimization of EMS Mutagenesis Condition and Screening of Mutants in Gossypium arboretum L.

Objective] This research aimed to clarify the optimization of EMS concentration and treat duration on mutation of Gossypium arboretum L.and create excellent mutants library.Method] Seeds of Gossypium arboreum line Shixiya1 were immersed in EMS solutions with volume fraction ranging from 0.4％ to 1.5％ by 4-8 h.Then,the seed germination index and seedling growth were analyzed and the morphological character of M 1,M2,and M3 generation were identified.Result] The treatment with 0.6％ EMS for 8 h was appropriate for Shixiya 1 mutagenesis.Under this treatment conditions,the seed germination index and the germination rate were 18.84 and 51％,respectively.To obtain abundant mutants,approximated 23 000 seeds of Shixiya1 were treated with 0.6％ EMS for 8 h.5559 mutants were screened out from M1 generation,825 and 57 from M2 and M3,respectively.The mutation frequency of Shixiya 1 was 48.37％.The mutation frequency of leaf type variants,plant type variants were the highest in M2,which were 8.0％ and 5.9％,respectively.The inheritable frequency of mutant characters from M2 generation to M3 generation was 31.30％,and the mutant frequency of M3 generation was 18.26％.Conclusion]This study have established the EMS mutagenesis system of Gossypium arboreum line Shixiya 1,and created 36 steadily inherited mutants.The mutant library we constructed will be a very useful genetic resource for functional genomics and genetic improvement in cotton.