棉花优异品质及抗性基因挖掘与分子育种

棉花品质、产量、抗性等均是多基因控制的数量性状,其表现型受基因型和环境的共同影响,且纤维品质和产量性状之间存在较大的负相关,采用常规育种手段实现棉花纤维品质与产量的同步改良具难度很大,针对棉花品质、产量、抗性等性状形成的遗传基础这一关键科学问题,棉花品种分子设计研究团队以陆陆种内分离群体、陆海种间分离群体等材料,交叉利用分子数量遗传学、功能基因组学和分子育种学等研究手段,在陆地棉优质品质及抗性基因挖掘、海岛棉优质品质及抗性基因挖掘以及分子标记辅助方法开发及棉花新品种培育等方面取得了一系列研究成果。为棉花品质、产量、抗性性状形成的同步改良奠定了重要基础。

Identification of QTL/Genes of Fiber Yield,Quality and Disease Resistance,and Molecular breeding in Cotton

The fiber quality,yield and resistance of cotton were all the quantitative traits which were controlled by multi-genes and affected by the genotype and environment.As the fiber quality traits and yield traits showed negative correlation,improving the fiber quality and yield of cotton is difficult synchronously.Aiming at the key scientific problem that the hereditary basis of fiber quality,yield and resistance,the team of molecular design of cotton varieties used the population which were constructed by two Gossypium hirsutum of intraspecific and population constructed by one G.hirsutum and one G.barbadense of interspecific,combined the subject of molecular quantitative genetics,functional genomics and molecular breeding the genes related to high fiber quality and resistance in G.hirsutum,and G.barbadense were discovered,the method of molecular mark assisted breeding was developed and the new cotton varieties were cultivated.These results could provide new data and materials to solve the problem of the large scientific problem that the hereditary basis of fiber quality,yield and resistance.