农民土地权益保护探析

土地是农民生存的基础,农民的政治、经济和社会地位都处于弱势状况,盘剥和占有他们的利益促成了经济的高速发展,但也带来了贫富不均、纠纷不断的不和谐音符。阐述了新的形势下保护农民土地权益的必要性：一是落实农村相关政策的需要;二是改善农村经济状况与缩小城乡差别的需要;三是减少土地纠纷,建设和谐社会的需要。剖析了农民土地权益受损的表现及其原因：一是农民在土地保有环节的权益受损,包括生态补偿制度的缺失和承包经营权的缺失2个方面;二是农民在土地流转环节的权益受损,包括征地制度的缺失、承包经营权流转不规范与宅基地流转受限3个方面;三是土地发展权缺位影响农民对土地增值的共享。提出了保护农民权益的对策：一是明晰土地产权;二是规范和完善征用土地制度;三是适度放宽农村土地流转政策;四是设立生态补偿和土地发展权补偿制度。

Analysis of Farmer's Land Rights and Interests Protection

Land is the basis for farmers to earn money,the political,economic and social status of farmers are all vulnerable.Exploitation and possession of their interests contributes to rapid development of economy,but also brings inequality,disputes and disharmony.The paper describes the necessity of protecting farmer's land rights and interests under the new circumstance.First,it is the need of implementing related policies.Second,it is the need of improving rural economic situation and narrowing gap between urban and rural areas.Third,it is the need of reducing land disputes and constructing harmonious society.The paper also analyzes the performance of farmer's loss of land rights and interests.The first is the loss of interest in the land tenure link,it includes lack of ecological compensation system and lack of contract for the managerial right.The second is the loss of interest in the land circulation link,it includes lack of land requisition institution,lack of standardization in circulation of contract for the managerial right and restriction of residence transfer.The third is lack of development rights influencing farmers in sharing appreciation of land value.Then,the paper puts forward measures in protecting farmer's rights and interests.First,clear land property right.Second,standardize and improve land requisition institution.Third,properly relax rural land circulation policy.Fourth,set up ecological compensation and land development rights compensation system.