长期定位施肥对冬小麦干物质生产、产量形成及钾素吸收分配的影响

采用田间试验、室内分析与数理统计相结合的方法研究了潮土区长期定位施肥对冬小麦干物质生产、产量形成及钾素吸收分配的影响。结果表明,长期施用化肥(NPK),有机无机肥配施(MNPK),无机肥配合秸秆还田(SNPK)均能显著提高冬小麦茎蘖数、地上部干物质积累量、籽粒产量及钾素积累量,但三者之间并无显著差异。冬小麦吸钾量在整个生育期内呈"低-高-低"单峰曲线变化,在扬花期至灌浆前期达最大值,拔节期吸钾量与冬小麦生长关系最为密切,与产量、地上部干物质积累量、穗数、穗粒数、株高及穗长均呈显著正相关。冬小麦在生育后期存在钾素外排现象,外排的钾素量达43.05～114.81kg/hm2,是冬小麦成熟期钾素积累量的1.55～3.09倍,冬小麦生育后期钾素管理不容忽视。

Effects of long-term fertilization on dry matter production, yield formation, K uptake and distribution of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Methods of field experiment, chemical analysis and data statistics were employed to study the effects of long-term fertilization on dry matter production, yield formation, K uptake and distribution of winter wheat. The results showed that NPK, NPKM and SNPK treatments significantly increased tiller number, dry matter accumulation, grain yield and K uptake of winter wheat, but there were no significant difference in these parameters between these three treatments. K accumulation of winter wheat was maximal from flowering period to filling period. K uptake at shooting period was significantly positively correlated to grain yield, dry matter accumulation, spike number, kernel number per spike, plant hight and spike length. K excretion phenomenon of winter wheat was observed and K excretion rate was 43.05-114.81 kg/hm2, which was 1.55-3.09 times of K accumulation at maturing period.